人工智能助力樹木管理,重新定義城市綠化

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利用AI數位雙胞胎技術提升城市樹木監測

最新的“Tree-D Fusion”系統由麻省理工學院計算機科學與人工智慧實驗室(CSAIL)、谷歌和普渡大學的研究人員共同開發,將生成式AI與樹木增長模型結合,利用谷歌的Auto Arborist數據,創建準確的現有城市樹木3D模型。這個項目首度建立了一個包含60萬棵環境感知、準備進行模擬的樹木模型的大型數據庫,覆蓋北美地區。

麻省理工學院電機工程與計算機科學(EECS)助理教授及Tree-D Fusion的主要研究者Sara Beery表示:「我們正在將幾十年的林業科學與現代AI能力相結合。這不僅讓我們能夠識別城市中的樹木,還能預測它們隨著時間的推移如何生長及影響周圍環境。我們並不是忽視過去30年在建立這些3D合成模型方面的工作,而是利用AI讓這些現有知識在北美乃至全球的城市樹木中更具實用性。」

樹木模型的創新方法

Tree-D Fusion基於之前使用谷歌街景數據的城市森林監測工作,但通過從單一圖像生成完整的3D模型向前發展。早期的樹木建模嘗試通常限於特定社區,或在大規模準確性方面面臨挑戰,而Tree-D Fusion則能創建包含通常隱藏特徵的詳細模型,例如在街景照片中不可見的樹木背面。

這項技術的實際應用遠不止觀察。城市規劃者可以利用Tree-D Fusion預測樹枝在未來可能會與電線纏繞的地方,或識別出樹木的戰略性安置能最大化降溫效果和空氣質量改善的社區。團隊表示,這些預測能力可能將城市森林管理從被動維護轉變為主動規劃。

全球視野的樹木研究

目前,隨著全球城市面臨氣溫上升的挑戰,這項研究為城市森林的未來提供了新的視角。與麻省理工學院的可感知城市實驗室合作,普渡大學和谷歌的團隊正在展開一項全球研究,重新想像樹木作為活的氣候屏障。他們的數位建模系統捕捉了季節間陰影模式的變化,揭示了戰略性城市林業如何將酷熱的城市街區轉變為更自然降溫的社區。

Beery表示:「每次街道映射車通過城市時,我們不僅僅是在拍攝快照,而是在實時觀察這些城市森林的演變。這種持續監測創造了一個活的數位森林,反映其實體對應物,為城市提供了一個強大的視角,觀察環境壓力如何影響樹木的健康和生長模式。」

追求環境正義的AI樹木建模

基於AI的樹木建模已成為追求環境正義的夥伴:通過前所未有的細節繪製城市樹冠,谷歌AI for Nature團隊的一個姐妹項目幫助揭示了不同社會經濟區域之間綠地獲取的差距。Beery強調:「我們不僅僅是在研究城市森林——我們試圖培養更多的公平。」該團隊目前正與生態學家和樹木健康專家密切合作,完善這些模型,確保隨著城市擴展綠色冠層,受益能公平分配給所有居民。

樹木建模的挑戰與未來展望

儘管Tree-D Fusion在這一領域取得了重大進展,但樹木對計算機視覺系統來說仍然是一個獨特的挑戰。與當前3D建模技術能很好處理的建築或車輛的剛性結構不同,樹木是自然的形狀變化者——在風中搖曳,與鄰近樹木交織,並隨著生長不斷改變其形狀。Tree-D Fusion模型是“準備進行模擬”的,能根據環境條件預測樹木的未來形狀。

Beery表示:「這項工作的令人興奮之處在於,它促使我們重新思考計算機視覺中的基本假設。」儘管像攝影測量或神經輻射場(NeRF)等3D場景理解技術在捕捉靜態物體方面表現出色,但樹木需要新的方法來考慮它們的動態特性,甚至微風也能在瞬間顯著改變它們的結構。

團隊的粗略結構包圍方法已證明相當有效,但某些問題仍未解決。其中最棘手的或許是“糾纏樹問題”;當鄰近的樹木互相生長時,它們交織的樹枝形成一個目前任何AI系統都無法完全解開的難題。

科學家們將他們的數據集視為未來計算機視覺創新的跳板,並已開始探索超越街景圖像的應用,計劃將其方法擴展到iNaturalist和野生動物攝像機等平台。

普渡大學博士生Jae Joong Lee表示:「這僅僅是Tree-D Fusion的開始。與我的合作者一起,我預見將平台的能力擴展到全球範圍。我們的目標是利用AI驅動的洞察支持自然生態系統——促進生物多樣性,推動全球可持續發展,最終造福整個地球的健康。」

這項研究不僅展示了科技在環境管理中的潛力,還突顯了AI在平衡社會公平和生態保護方面的關鍵角色。隨著城市化進程加速,這項技術的應用將成為未來城市規劃的重要工具,幫助我們更好地應對氣候變化的挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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