中美貿易戰衝擊中國藥企研發供應鏈




中國藥企因美中貿易緊張調整研發計劃及囤積物資

上海消息 — 據多位知情人士透露,中國的藥物研發企業包括藥明康德(WuXi AppTec)及藥明生物(WuXi Biologics)正在調整項目計劃、囤積物料,並討論是否將部分臨床樣本改在美國進行測試,以減輕美中貿易緊張帶來的影響。

中國龐大的藥物研發及製造行業,為輝瑞(Pfizer)及阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)等全球藥廠提供低成本開發模式,並經常使用進口的臨床樣本、設備、化學品等物料。隨着對美國供應鏈可能延誤及進口關稅上調的擔憂增加,生物科技及製藥公司正考慮避免、暫停或推遲項目啟動。

另外,有三位消息人士表示,部分企業正考慮將美國的臨床樣本留在當地進行測試,而非送往中國,這或會令成本上升;同時也有企業要求備用物資以作應急。

這六位消息人士均為中國藥物研發、製造及供應鏈領域的主管或高層,但除兩人外,均要求匿名,擔心消息公開會影響募資或未獲授權對外發言。此消息此前未有公開報道。

美中官員上周雖表示已就五月貿易休戰框架達成共識,並同意取消中國稀土出口限制,但雙方長期貿易分歧依然存在,影響從半導體、飛機引擎到醫療器材及藥品等多個產品領域。

藥企對未來政策不確定感憂慮

蘇州生物科技公司NeuExcell Therapeutics聯合創辦人陳功表示:「未來半年、一年內的長期政策及關稅會如何,沒人知道,這正是令大家擔心和緊張的原因。」他坦言,貿易緊張令公司在臨床試驗投資上更為謹慎,若資金不足,試驗可能會被推遲。

根據聯合國貿易數據,2024年美國向中國出口診斷及實驗室試劑約14億美元,微生物培養基約1.25億美元。部分美國製造的關鍵物資如德國西門子醫療診斷試劑,因其對中國醫療行業的重要性,獲豁免中國提高的關稅。

中國曾將美國進口關稅最高調升至125%,但現時已降至10%,以爭取達成更長遠的貿易協議。

成本上升及項目延誤問題突出

一名藥明康德的客戶公司透露,該公司五月間決定將部分用於乙型肝炎病毒前臨床研究的美國試劑,改用非美國製品,部分原因是關稅使成本上升。該項目在討論期間曾暫停。

藥明康德表示,公司「全力避免對客戶服務造成中斷或延誤」。

中國細胞培養基生產商JS Biosciences的行政總裁羅順透露,自四月起,至少有17家中國生物科技及製藥客戶要求其保留本地生產的備用原料,擔心成本上升或無法取得外國供應。羅順指出:「若倚賴外國原料,而該原料價格上升或無法供應,肯定會影響救命藥物的生產,這是他們最關心的問題。」

另一家中國藥物研發公司因日本富士膠片美國子公司供應的美國製培養基延遲,決定不向一間有意聘用其蛋白質藥物製造的外國藥企報價。消息人士稱,潛在客戶不願等候通常需時兩至四個月的進口物資。

富士膠片美國公司回應稱,其生命科學業務部門已大幅投資建立全球製造網絡,旨在應對任何挑戰或中斷,但未具體說明涉華供應問題。

囤貨及改變測試地點策略

中國四月宣布大幅提高美國進口關稅後,藥明生物向供應商訂購了比平時更多的美國製試劑,原因是對政策持續時間不確定。藥明生物未回應置評請求。

美國熱電公司(Thermo Fisher Scientific)一名消息人士透露,因擔心美國出口限制,中國的創新生物(Innovent Biologics)及跨國藥企BeOne Medicines正商討不將美國臨床樣本送往中國,而在美國當地進行測試。此舉雖會增加成本,但可避免樣本運送帶來的風險。BeOne發言人表示不評論傳聞,熱電與創新生物亦未回應。

評論與啟示

這篇報道清楚揭示了美中貿易緊張對中國藥物研發產業鏈的深遠影響,尤其是對依賴美國進口試劑和材料的企業而言,增加了成本和供應不確定性。企業被迫調整策略,包括延後項目、尋求本地替代物料、囤積存貨以及改變臨床樣本的測試地點,這些反應反映了全球供應鏈脆弱性與地緣政治風險的加劇。

從更宏觀角度看,這種局面凸顯了中國生物製藥行業在國際合作中面對的挑戰,也促使產業鏈本土化和多元化供應鏈管理成為必然趨勢。企業在尋求短期應對方案的同時,也應該積極探索長遠發展策略,如加強自主研發能力、擴大本土供應商網絡,以及推動國際合作的新模式,減少對單一市場的依賴。

此外,政府在政策穩定性與透明度上的表現,將直接影響企業的投資信心和行業發展。貿易政策的不確定性不僅拖慢了研發進程,也可能減少外資和技術流入,從而對創新能力產生負面影響。

總結來說,這場貿易摩擦不單是關稅問題,更是全球藥物研發與供應鏈格局重塑的縮影。企業和政策制定者都需以更開放和靈活的思維,應對這一新時代的挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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