中國AI自給路漫漫 2029擬達九成自主

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UBS:中國在人工智能自給自足上穩步前進,但核心技術仍需長遠發展

根據瑞銀(UBS)的分析,中國在人工智能(AI)領域正穩步推進自給自足,但要完全獨立,尤其是在關鍵的基礎技術如AI運算能力方面,仍屬長遠目標。

瑞銀分析師指出,中國在AI的應用層和智能層已有較強的本土能力,這得益於本地大型互聯網平台的主導地位,以及如DeepSeek等低成本模型開發商的助力。

不過,他們同時強調,作為基礎的「使能層」——涵蓋半導體和運算基礎設施——仍存在不少挑戰。

瑞銀估計,在半導體方面,中國的自給率將由疫情期間的「十幾%」提升至2025年底約27%,這是因為中國正積極建設包括動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)、類比芯片及半導體設備等多個細分領域的能力。

儘管面臨出口限制,進展仍持續推進。

其中最難突破的是AI運算領域,目前全球市場由NVIDIA主導,佔有超過80%的市佔率。

瑞銀例子指出,NVIDIA的GB200晶片能生成約40張圖片,而華為的910C晶片僅能生成13張,顯示出明顯的性能差距。

不過,2024年中國企業在本土AI運算市場已佔約三分之一份額,瑞銀預計這一比例將在2029年攀升至90%。

瑞銀提醒,這種本土化推動將付出代價。

「強勁的收入增長將以性能妥協為代價」,瑞銀警告中國廠商將面臨較弱的定價能力和更高的成本。

儘管如此,瑞銀預測國內AI運算收入將從2024年的60億美元飆升至2029年的810億美元。

瑞銀建議投資者同時關注全球領導者如NVIDIA,以及中國企業如阿里巴巴和騰訊,因為「AI運算市場足夠大,容納所有玩家共同成長」。

編輯評論:中國AI自給自足的現實與挑戰

這份報告清楚展現中國在AI技術發展上的雙面態勢。一方面,中國在應用層面已經形成強大生態,依賴本地互聯網巨頭和創新型企業,推動AI技術快速落地和商業化。另一方面,核心硬件尤其是高性能AI運算晶片,仍被外國巨頭如NVIDIA牢牢掌控,且性能差距明顯。

這種情況反映出中國科技自主的「軟硬結合」困境——軟件和應用層面快速追趕,但硬件基礎設施卻因技術封鎖和資源限制而進展緩慢。過度追求本土化雖然能提升市場份額,卻可能犧牲性能和成本效率,長遠看不利於競爭力。

此外,瑞銀提到的中國半導體自給率仍只有約27%,意味著中國仍需依賴進口大量關鍵芯片。這給中國科技自主帶來不小挑戰,也呼應了中美科技競爭的現實。

對香港投資者而言,這種市場格局既是風險也是機遇。全球龍頭如NVIDIA依然是技術領先者,具備長期投資價值;而中國巨頭如阿里和騰訊則在應用層面具備強大生態系統,隨著本土AI運算市場擴大,亦有不俗成長潛力。

未來的焦點,或將是中國如何突破核心硬件瓶頸,同時維持在AI應用層的創新優勢。對投資者來說,理解這種技術與市場的雙重態勢,有助於在AI熱潮中作出更明智的佈局。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A hyper-realistic, highly detailed portrait of a beautiful woman in a 1950s/Pin-Up style, evoking the essence of a classic Hollywood starlet on a glamorous vacation.
• Subject: A stunning young woman with a classic Pin-Up aesthetic (think 1950s movie star).
• Facial Features: Striking blue/green eyes, perfectly arched eyebrows, and classic makeup featuring bright red lipstick. Her expression is captivating and seductive.
• Hair & Hat: Long, voluminous, deep brown hair styled in soft, glamorous waves/curls. She is wearing a very large, wide-brimmed straw hat that casts a soft shadow on her face.
• Attire: A chic, form-fitting black dress with white polka dots. The dress has an off-the-shoulder, sweetheart neckline bodice that cinches at the waist with a thin black belt. She is also wearing a black scarf with white polka dots tied around her neck like an ascot.
• Setting & Context: The background suggests a sunny, coastal location with a deep blue ocean/sea visible behind her. She is leaning seductively against the tan/brown, polished hood or door of a classic vintage convertible car.
• Style/Vibe: Vintage glamour, 1950s Hollywood, high-fashion editorial. **Enhanced Prompt:**

Two playful cats, one sleek black and one fluffy ginger, are joyfully interacting on a bustling Hong Kong street at sunset. They leap and tumble among vivid neon signs, glowing red lanterns, and traditional market stalls. The scene is bustling with locals and dotted with elements of Hong Kong architecture, such as narrow alleyways, decorative shopfronts, and overhead laundry lines. Warm golden light reflects off the wet cobblestone street, casting dramatic shadows. The atmosphere is lively yet whimsical, capturing the vibrant urban spirit and blending realistic feline anatomy with a touch of enchanting artistry. Rendered in hyper-detailed, cinematic style with rich colors and dynamic composition. Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A female model with sharp features, defined cheekbones, and intense, direct eye contact (though eyes are slightly in shadow from the hat).
• Aesthetic: Vintage fashion, Pin-up, 1950s/1960s style, high-glamour, summer resort wear.
• Lighting: Bright, harsh sunlight creating high contrast and crisp shadows. The light should perfectly illuminate the skin and the vibrant colors of the dress.
• Color Palette: Dominated by vibrant yellow, crisp white, and bold red, accented by deep black.
Specific Outfit & Details:
• Dress: A bright yellow halter-neck sundress with a classic white polka-dot pattern. It has a fitted, sweetheart neckline or bustier-style top that enhances the silhouette.
• Accessories:
• A very large, wide-brimmed sun hat in crisp white (or light straw/fabric) that casts a shadow over the upper face.
• A matching yellow polka-dot scarf tied closely around the neck (like an ascot or choker-style).
• Large, striking black statement earrings (circular, drop, or bead style).
• Bold red lipstick is a key feature, contrasting sharply with the yellow and white.
Technical/Camera Details:
• Shot: Close-up or medium-close-up portrait, focusing on the torso, neckline, face, and hat.
• Depth of Field: Shallow (low f-stop), with the model in sharp focus and the background slightly blurred (bokeh).
• Background: Out-of-focus, suggesting a bright outdoor location, with abstract shapes of boats/yachts (white and red accents visible) in a marina setting.