中國AI公司神秘轉運芯片破解美國禁令揭秘

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手提行李箱裝滿硬碟飛返中國,數百伺服器海外租用——中國AI企業如何繞過美國晶片禁令

面對美國對高階AI晶片的出口限制,中國科技公司近年不斷創新,選擇將數據處理外判到海外。最近有報道指出,數名中國工程師親自帶著裝滿硬碟的行李箱飛到馬來西亞,利用當地數據中心的Nvidia晶片訓練AI模型。東南亞正迅速成為這類活動的樞紐,亦正考驗著全球監管的極限,因為當地數據中心發展速度極快。

數據「走私」與海外訓練AI模型

根據《華爾街日報》報道,今年三月初,四名中國工程師由北京飛往馬來西亞,每人手提一個裝有15塊硬碟的行李箱,合共攜帶80TB數據,準備訓練AI模型。在馬來西亞的數據中心,他們動用約300部配備Nvidia高階晶片的伺服器進行開發,完成後再將訓練好的模型帶回中國。

自2022年起,美國以國家安全為由,收緊對中國出口高階AI晶片的管制。這些限制令中國企業難以取得美國最先進的技術,迫使他們尋找替代方案。部分公司嘗試以國產晶片替代美國貨,亦有人選擇經第三國走私AI硬件。不過,隨著美國加強壓力,走私變得愈來愈困難,於是中國企業轉而在東南亞、中東等地設立數據處理基地。

前美國商務部出口管制主管Thea Kendler表示,中國企業遠程使用美國AI晶片,一直是美方持續關注的問題。這種行為涉及多層中介,令監管當局難以追查美國法規有否被違反。拜登政府曾提出按國家設限美國晶片出口,但特朗普政府在今年五月以減少對美國企業(如Nvidia)的監管負擔為由取消了相關建議,改為要求企業自律,防止其晶片被用於訓練中國AI模型。

為何中國選擇東南亞作AI訓練基地?

在馬來西亞,中國企業的操作極需嚴密策劃。據悉,工程師在中國花了八星期優化數據集,因為網上傳輸大批量數據需時數月。去年七月,該公司透過新加坡子公司操作,後來為避開Nvidia及供應商的用戶審查,轉而在馬來西亞註冊新公司。為了不被馬來西亞海關察覺,工程師將硬碟分散放入四個行李箱,而非去年將所有硬碟打包在同一箱。

他們回國時,帶走了數百GB的模型參數,成為AI系統運算的核心。

東南亞正迅速崛起為AI數據處理中心,數據中心建設一日千里。地產顧問仲量聯行估算,新加坡、馬來西亞、泰國和印尼的數據中心總容量接近2,000兆瓦,已追上歐洲最大市場。單計今年三、四月,馬來西亞自台灣進口的AI晶片總值已達34億美元,超越2024年全年總額。

與此同時,中東地區亦成為中國AI開發者的新據點,Nvidia近日宣布向沙特阿拉伯、卡塔爾和阿聯酋大量銷售AI晶片。

這一連串操作凸顯美國出口管制執行的難度。中國企業藉全球數據中心繞道取得美國技術,令監管層疲於奔命。雖然新加坡等地加強打擊轉口貨,但東南亞數據中心基建快速增長,吸引中西方客戶,不斷挑戰監管極限。

編輯評論:地緣科技戰的無形戰場——「數據走私」與監管灰色地帶

這篇報道揭示了一個全球科技角力的新現實:即使有最嚴厲的出口管制,只要商業利益與技術需求存在,總有人會想盡辦法「鑽空子」。中國工程師手提硬碟飛馬來西亞訓練AI,這種「低科技」的繞道手法,正好反映國際監管與實際操作之間的巨大落差。

美國政府不斷收緊晶片出口,卻難以阻止中國企業利用海外數據中心進行AI訓練。這種「數據走私」不單止是硬件的流動,更重要的是知識與技術的跨境流轉。東南亞、中東成為新戰場,既是地緣政治競爭的前線,也是監管灰色地帶的溫床。

值得深思的是,這場科技戰不僅僅是中美之間的「你追我趕」,更牽涉到一個全球數據流動、供應鏈重組的新格局。當地區數據中心成為「技術中轉站」,不論是西方還是中國企業,都在利用這些基建規避管制。這種現象將會加劇各國之間對數據主權、安全審查和技術控制的博弈。

對香港和亞洲科技圈來說,這既是風險亦是機遇。數據中心、雲端服務、AI訓練的需求只會愈來愈大,但同時監管壓力也會水漲船高。未來,如何在「監管合規」與「技術創新」之間取得平衡,將會是每間科技企業、每個政府都要面對的難題。

最後,這場「數據走私」與跨境AI訓練的遊戲,究竟是誰在贏?誰又在輸?這或許不是單靠法規、禁令就能解決的問題,而是全球科技生態與地緣政治力量再洗牌的必然過程。

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Edit the uploaded photo (face based on the reference photo). Ensure the face remains consistent with the person in the uploaded image, without changing facial structure, skin tone . Create a Create an 8K ultra-realistic image of a jpyful woman dancing and celebrating in the rain outdoors. She has a big smile on her face, eyes closed with happiness. She is wearing a floral sleeveless dress with a fitted waist and a short, flowy skirt. She has a simple gold necklace and her dark hair is tied back. Her arms are raised, one hand higher than the other, and she is barefoot, standing on wet ground with her toes touching the surface. The background is blurred with dark green trees, emphasizing her joyful expression and movement. The rain is falling steadily around her, creating a lively and vibrant atmosphere. Using a Canon EOS R camera with a 50mm f/1.8 lens, f/2.2 aperture, shutter speed 1/200s, ISO 100 and natural light, Full Body, Hyper Realistic Photography, Cinematic, Cinema, Hyper detail, Ultra hd, Color Correction, ultra hd, hdr , color grading, 8k. Enhanced AI Image Generation Prompt:

Create a cinematic, studio-quality close-up portrait (9:16 aspect ratio, 4K resolution) of a young East Asian woman on a winter afternoon in Taipei. She stands at the entrance plaza of a bustling shopping mall, bathed in the soft, golden glow of the warm winter sun. She wears a stylish white cocktail dress with a short skirt, her look elegant yet youthful.

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(四個字是:生日快樂。) Generate an ultra-realistic, highly ultra-detailed, 8k resolution with 1080x1080 pixel portrait of me using the uploaded image for reference (preserved the likeness and the original face for reference) of a striking, ultra-sharp black and white studio portrait of a young woman with a powerful, direct gaze. She is seated gracefully on a seamless bright white floor, her legs crossed in a stylized, almost sculptural pose, with one knee raised and her hands clasped firmly over it. Her posture exudes a blend of strength and quiet contemplation. Her long, sleek, dark brown hair is meticulously parted down the middle, falling evenly over her shoulders, framing her face with elegant precision. Her makeup is refined and impactful, featuring intensely defined eyes with dark eyeliner, subtle shading, and prominent, well-groomed eyebrows. Her lips are natural, complementing her smooth, matte complexion. She is dressed in a simple, form-fitting black long-sleeved bodysuit, which accentuates the natural contours of her body without distraction. There are no accessories, maintaining a pure and minimalist aesthetic. *** The lighting is soft, even, and highly diffused, creating subtle, sculptural shadows that define her form and facial features without any harshness. The seamless pure white background provides an expansive, ethereal setting, isolating the subject and enhancing the monochromatic palette. The composition is a perfectly balanced medium full shot, centering the model and emphasizing the strong, symmetrical lines of her pose. The image is rendered with exquisite detail and clarity, from the individual strands of her hair to the subtle textures of her skin. The overall style is minimalist fine art portraiture, blending classic elegance with a contemporary edge, focusing on form, emotional depth, and timeless beauty.