中國礦產禁令激震全球汽車供應鏈

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全球汽車廠商憂慮中國稀土出口限制 導致生產或停擺

路透社報道,隨著中國對關鍵稀土合金、混合物及磁鐵的出口限制生效,全球汽車製造商連同美國同行紛紛發出警告,指若問題未能迅速解決,生產線可能會面臨延誤甚至停擺。繼上週印度電動車廠提出類似擔憂後,德國汽車製造商也加入行列,強調中國的出口禁令威脅到生產及當地經濟。

中國在今年4月決定暫停出口多種關鍵礦物及磁鐵,此舉打亂了全球汽車、航空航天、半導體及軍事承包商的供應鏈。這反映出中國在關鍵礦產業的主導地位,並被視為其在與美國貿易戰中施壓的籌碼。

美國總統特朗普一直試圖透過加徵高額關稅,重新定義與中國的貿易關係,目標是縮減龐大的貿易逆差並促進製造業回流。雖然特朗普曾對中國商品徵收高達145%的關稅,但因市場反彈而有所收緊。中國則以自身關鍵供應鏈的優勢,反制關稅壓力,試圖迫使美方讓步。

白宮發言人卡羅琳·利維特周二表示,特朗普與中國國家主席習近平預計本週會談,出口禁令將是議程重點。她強調美方正密切監察中國是否遵守《日內瓦貿易協議》,並持續與中方溝通。

目前,中國多個港口已停止稀土磁鐵出貨,相關許可申請仍在審批程序中。這引發全球企業及政府官員高度焦慮,從東京到華盛頓,大家爭相尋找替代方案,擔心新車及其他產品生產可能在夏季結束前陷入停滯。

德國汽車業協會主席希爾德加德·穆勒直言:「若情況不快點改善,生產延誤甚至停產已無法排除。」前美國能源資源助理國務卿、礦業顧問弗蘭克·法農亦指出,這種全球供應鏈混亂並不意外,強調美國需動用全政府力量,儘快確保資源並提升本土產能,這本該是早已迫切的任務。

消息人士透露,印度、日本及歐洲的外交官及企業高層正急尋與北京官員會面,促請加快稀土磁鐵出口審批。日本商業代表團預計六月初訪華,與商務部討論出口限制;歐洲汽車大國的外交官近期亦多次尋求「緊急」會談。印度巴傑電動車公司警告,若獲得稀土磁鐵的供應再度延誤,將嚴重影響電動車生產,印度正計劃在未來兩至三週內組織汽車業界代表訪華。

五月份,美國通用汽車、豐田、大眾、現代等主要汽車製造商的貿易組織曾致函特朗普政府,表達相同擔憂。信中指出,缺乏可靠的稀土元素和磁鐵供應,汽車供應商將無法生產包括自動變速箱、節氣門體、發電機、多種馬達、感應器、安全帶、喇叭、燈具、動力轉向及攝影機等關鍵零件。

評論分析:

中國對稀土及關鍵礦物出口的限制,再次凸顯全球供應鏈對中國資源依賴的脆弱性。這不僅是經濟問題,更是地緣政治和戰略資源安全的挑戰。中國利用其在稀土市場的獨霸地位,作為與美國及其他經濟體博弈的籌碼,已成為現代國際貿易戰中的重要棋子。

從全球汽車產業的反應可見,供應鏈的中斷不只是短期問題,可能引發一連串生產停滯,對經濟造成實質打擊。這也促使各國政府和企業重新審視資源多元化及供應鏈本地化策略。美國等國強調要加快國內礦產資源開發和加工能力,這是對長久依賴中國供應的直接回應。

然而,這種轉型並非一蹴而就,短期內全球汽車及高科技產業仍難以擺脫中國的影響。此波出口禁令帶來的警示,應促使全球加快合作,尋求替代供應來源及創新材料,以減少對單一國家的依賴,保障產業安全和經濟穩定。

總括而言,這場由稀土出口禁令引發的全球供應鏈危機,正提醒我們在全球化與地緣政治風險交織的時代,如何建立更具韌性的產業生態系統,成為各國政府和企業必須面對的重大課題。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Aesthetic cozy mirror selfie of a young man sitting casually on a chair, wearing a dark oversized hoodie and blue jeans, holding a professional camera in one hand, resting her face on the other hand with a soft dreamy smile. Warm beige indoor background with soft studio lighting, minimal modern interior. Cute cartoon-style doodles around her including a smiling sunflower character and hand-drawn yellow sun, playful white sketch lines around the camera. Handwritten romantic Create a photorealistic and highly detailed image featuring the attached image walking confidently down a modern city street, accompanied by Jason Statham, Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson, and Jason Momoa acting as bodyguards.
John Wick (Keanu Reeves) is walking just beside or slightly behind the subject, holding an umbrella over him to shield from light rain.
The subject should be the central figure, wearing stylish casual clothing — like a fitted jacket, dark jeans, and sunglasses — exuding calm authority and cool charisma.
Statham, The Rock, and Momoa are dressed in black tactical-style suits, maintaining alert, protective stances, scanning the surroundings like professional bodyguards. John Wick wears his signature black suit and tie, looking composed as he holds the umbrella.
The setting is a downtown urban street with wet pavement reflecting city lights, parked luxury cars, and paparazzi in the background snapping photos.
The photo should look like a real paparazzi shot — slightly off-angle, mid-step motion blur, with realistic lighting and reflections.
Lighting: natural daylight with overcast skies, reflections from wet concrete, realistic shadows, subtle raindrops on the umbrella and clothing.
Camera realism: crisp detail on facial features and clothing textures, shallow depth of field emphasizing the group, with lens flare or light bloom for authenticity.
Mood & tone: grounded, cinematic, and stylish — feels like a moment from a celebrity entourage photo or action-movie press capture, taken with an iPhone by paparazzi.
Style: ultra-realistic, documentary-style street photography with modern cinematic sharpness. A young woman with fair skin is taking a selfie inside a fitness center (gym).

Main Subject: A young woman with long black hair in a messy bun. She is wearing a light cream or ivory long-sleeved sports zipper jacket and black tight sports shorts. She is also wearing long white socks with black stripes at the top and white sports shoes.

Expression and Pose: She is sitting on a weight training machine (apparently a leg press machine or similar) and holding a phone (with a leopard/leopard print case) to take a selfie in the mirror or using the front camera, with her face forward, a soft smile, and her face and eyes looking at the mirror.

Background (Gym): The background is dominated by modern gym equipment in dark gray and red. There are a few other unfocused people in the background, including a man on the left lifting weights or standing near a barbell, and another man in a green shirt standing near equipment. The gym floor appears dark.

Brief Prompt (Suitable for Image Search or Hashtags):

Selfie in the gym, young woman with messy bun and cream jacket, sitting on a training machine, aesthetic sporty, indoor lighting. Without changing her face.