【貿戰風雲】鮑威爾怨關稅拖慢美聯儲降息步伐




鮑威爾以關稅為由推遲聯儲會降息

聯儲會主席鮑威爾在歐洲央行論壇上表示,如果不是總統唐納德·特朗普的激進關稅政策,聯儲會可能會降低利率。這些關稅政策提高了通脹預期,促使聯儲會謹慎行事。特朗普一直對鮑威爾施加壓力,包括人身攻擊和親筆信,指責他不降息,給美國帶來「數萬億美元的損失」。鮑威爾強調,利率決定是由聯邦公開市場委員會的十二名投票委員在每年八次會議上共同做出的,而不是由他單方面決定。特朗普曾提名鮑威爾,現在卻建議更換他,並威脅要測試解除鮑威爾聯儲會主席職位的法律極限。

一些聯儲會官員表示,他們對今年晚些時候降息持開放態度,但由於聯儲會需要更多關於關稅和通脹的數據,七月份的降息可能性不大。鮑威爾以數據為導向的方法得到了國際央行行長的讚賞。

關鍵點

* 鮑威爾強調,利率決定是由聯邦公開市場委員會的十二名投票委員在每年八次會議上共同做出的,而不是由他單方面決定。
* 特朗普公開稱鮑威爾為「遲到的鮑威爾」、「太晚的先生」,反映出他對聯儲會主席謹慎的降息方法的沮喪。
* 特朗普表示他有兩三個頂替鮑威爾的人選,並考慮在九月或十月任命繼任者,儘管也可能等到 2026 年初。
* 鮑威爾表示,聯儲會對特朗普的關稅公告沒有過度反應,而是暫停下來,因為關稅使通脹預期大幅上升;聯儲會正在了解影響的同時,美國經濟依然穩固。
* 白宮新聞秘書卡羅琳·利維特展示了特朗普的手寫便條,批評鮑威爾不降息,並強調了美國人民希望以低成本借款。

整體情緒

偏向負面

* 負面
* 中立
* 正面

核心問題

### 公共聯儲壓力如何影響央行信譽?

央行(例如聯儲會)面臨政治領導人的公開壓力,可能會削弱貨幣政策的獨立性和可信度。央行獨立運作,以確保決策基於經濟指標,而非短期政治利益。當領導人如特朗普公開要求降息或威脅更換領導人時,會引起投資者和市場參與者的擔憂,即貨幣政策可能被政治化。這可能導致市場波動性增加,對未來政策方向的不確定性,以及最終因為市場參與者可能懷疑央行是否僅出於其法定目標(如穩定價格和充分就業)而行動,貨幣政策傳導效果降低。

### 如果聯儲會過快降息,存在哪些經濟風險?

### 為什麼美國利率高於一些全球同行?

作為編輯,我對這篇文章的內容有以下想法和評論:

鮑威爾和聯儲會的處境確實非常微妙。一方面,他們需要根據經濟數據做出決策;另一方面,他們也需要考慮到政治壓力。特朗普的關稅政策對經濟產生了影響,聯儲會需要謹慎行事,以避免對經濟造成更大的衝擊。

然而,特朗普對鮑威爾的攻擊和施壓卻是另外一回事。這種公開的壓力可能會損害聯儲會的獨立性和可信度,也可能對市場產生不穩定的影響。

值得注意的是,聯儲會的決策是集體做出的,而非單方面由鮑威爾決定。這一點非常重要,因為它表明聯儲會的決策是經過深思熟慮和集體討論的,而非單純由一人決定。

總的來說,這篇文章揭示了鮑威爾和聯儲會面臨的挑戰和壓力,也凸顯了聯儲會獨立性和可信度的重要性。

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