【貿戰風雲】美消費放緩?關稅新政如何影響零售銷售?




零售銷售面臨關鍵關稅考驗:市場對消費疲弱的反應會如何?

美國5月的零售銷售預計將出現明顯的月度下降,這可能加強了關於關稅新聞和經濟不確定性開始影響消費者支出的擔憂。這將是2025年第二次月度下滑,繼1月0.9%的暴跌之後。過去兩年中,零售銷售的月度下降並不常見,僅有五個月出現負增長。

在第二季度初期出現的新回落,尤其是在第一季度已經表現不佳的情況下,可能表明美國消費者市場正在出現更深層次的裂縫。

零售銷售再度疲弱—未來會發生什麼?

華爾街經濟學家預測,經濟分析局將在週二上午8:30報告5月零售銷售下降0.7%。美國銀行預測下降0.6%。更重要的是,他們預計對GDP計算有重要影響的「控制組」銷售將持平。

「我們預期5月的零售銷售報告會較為疲軟,」美國銀行經濟學家Adhyta Bhave在上週的報告中表示。

美國銀行的內部信用卡數據顯示,家居改善、雜貨和一般商品等領域的支出特別疲弱。「每戶家庭的總卡片支出按季節調整後環比下降了0.7%,」該投資銀行指出。

「如果我們對5月零售銷售(不包括汽車)的持平預測正確,三個月的平均增長率將會下降,」Bhave說。

關稅是罪魁禍首嗎?

消費支出的疲弱緊隨美國貿易政策的動盪時期,但美國銀行的數據顯示,普通家庭並沒有因應重要事件(如4月2日的關稅公告或5月12日的中美部分貿易協議)而顯著改變行為。

然而,當觀察高收入家庭時,情況就有所不同。富裕的美國人似乎對貿易發展更加敏感,尤其是在電子產品方面。「電子產品對新聞非常敏感……我們發現,收入最高的5%和1%的人群在4月9日中國關稅升級後立即增加了在線電子產品的購買,可能是為了提前應對關稅,」Bhave說。

這一模式在5月12日中美協議後的最高1%人群中再次出現。

市場會像2月那樣反應嗎?

回到2月中旬,疲弱的1月零售報告引發了一場猛烈的拋售。標準普爾500指數在1月的零售數據出來的那一週下跌了0.4%,並在接下來的一個月內下跌了7.8%。當時,由於總統特朗普在貿易上的強硬言論,經濟衰退的擔憂再次浮上檯面。

消費和科技股都進入了一段疲弱期。消費者可選擇類股SPDR基金XLY在2月14日後的30天內下跌了14%。科技類股SPDR基金XLK也未能倖免,損失了10%。

那麼……這次會再發生嗎?

也許不會。現在有三個因素對市場有利。

首先,特朗普已經對相互關稅進行了90天的暫停,這減少了一些貿易擔憂的熱度。

其次,通脹正在降溫。上週兩份低於預期的CPI報告增強了投資者對美聯儲今年晚些時候降息的押注。

第三,在週一,地緣政治局勢出現了積極轉變。據報導,伊朗表示希望緩和與以色列的衝突,並表示願意重新談判與美國的核協議。這一發展推動油價下跌,緩解了能源成本的擔憂,同時增加了投資者對風險資產的胃口。

消費者在超市購物

編者評論:

這篇文章揭示了美國零售銷售數據的下滑及其背後的潛在原因,尤其是關稅政策對消費者行為的影響。值得注意的是,高收入家庭對貿易政策的變化反應更為敏感,這可能反映了不同收入階層在消費選擇上的差異。

此外,文章指出了三個可能緩解市場恐慌的因素,這也強調了市場的複雜性和多變性。在這樣的經濟背景下,投資者需要更加謹慎地分析市場動向,並考慮到各種宏觀經濟因素對市場的潛在影響。

這篇報導不僅提供了數據分析,還引發了對於政策影響下消費行為變化的深入思考。對於香港的投資者來說,這樣的分析有助於更好地理解全球經濟動向及其對本地市場的潛在影響。

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