【貿戰風雲】美國盼感恩節前完成中美稀土貿易協議

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美中貿易關係回暖:美國冀感恩節前敲定稀土協議,北京暫停出口限制

美中稀土貿易協議

美國正積極爭取在感恩節前與中國敲定一項稀土協議,預計北京將暫停對關鍵礦產的出口限制。這個初步協議是在上月特朗普與習近平於南韓會面後展開談判的成果,除了稀土之外,還包括美國將撤回部分對中國商品的關稅,以及中國恢復大量購買美國大豆。華盛頓方面對北京履行承諾充滿信心,但亦強調若中方違約,仍然掌握不少「籌碼」。

美方:協議有望感恩節前完成

美國財政部長Scott Bessent星期日接受福斯新聞訪問時表示,美國希望可以在感恩節(11月尾)前完成與中國的稀土協議。他指出,這份協議是在特朗普與習近平於10月底會面後談妥的,雙方談判進展順利。他強調:「我對中國會履行協議有信心。」但同時提醒,若中方失信,美國「手上還有很多籌碼」。

中國暫停稀土出口限制,美國撤回部分關稅

協議內容包括中國將暫停一年對關鍵礦產的出口限制。眾所周知,中國在稀土開採及加工領域具壓倒性優勢,這些礦產對汽車、電子、國防等多個產業都極為重要。Bessent表示,協議生效後,稀土「將會如4月4日之前一樣自由流通」,當日中國曾因應特朗普大規模加徵關稅,反擊實施新的出口許可要求。

作為交換,美國會撤回部分對中國商品的關稅,而中國則答應今年內恢復大規模購買美國大豆,數量不少於1,200萬公噸,並於2026年增至2,500萬公噸。Bessent直言,中國過去一度停止進口美國大豆,是「把我們偉大的大豆農民當作棋子」,但相信今次協議已經解決了這個問題。

編輯評論:美中稀土協議的地緣政治算盤

這次美中稀土協議的談判,表面上看似雙贏,但其實背後是全球產業鏈與地緣政治角力的縮影。中國多年來壟斷稀土產業,令全球高科技產業對其產能依賴極深。美國今次能夠逼使中國暫停出口限制,除了顯示自身仍有談判籌碼,亦反映出美國對關鍵物資供應鏈安全的高度憂慮。

回顧過去,美中貿易戰令兩國經濟均受損,尤其是美國農業界成為受害者。今次協議讓中國恢復大豆採購,表面是對美國農民的補償,實際上卻是中國換取美國在稀土、關稅上的讓步。這種「你讓我一寸,我還你一尺」的外交博弈,短期內有助緩和緊張,但長遠而言,雙方互信依然脆弱。

值得香港及亞洲企業關注的是,稀土供應的暫時解凍,對本地電子、汽車、科技產業將帶來喘息空間。但這種「暫時和平」能維持多久,仍取決於全球政經局勢的變化。美國強調「有很多籌碼」作為威脅,亦隨時可令協議破局。長遠來看,全球產業鏈去中國化的趨勢並未逆轉,香港企業更應思考如何分散風險,尋找多元化供應來源。

總結而言,這次協議對全球市場短期利好,但更像是一場大國博弈下的臨時停火。對於香港及亞洲企業來說,這既是機遇,也是警號——產業安全從來不能只寄望於大國政治的「善意」。