【貿戰風雲】美國消費信心反彈 首次突破低谷




美國消費者信心自十二月以來首次回升

美國華盛頓——美國消費者對於特朗普總統的貿易戰最糟糕的時期可能已經過去抱有一些希望。

根據密歇根大學最新發布的調查顯示,本月消費者信心上升了16%,達到初步讀數60.5。這是自去年十二月以來信心的首次增長,從春季接近歷史低點的情況有所回升,當時美國消費者和企業在特朗普的關稅攻勢中變得悲觀。

本月信心的提升主要歸因於四月份的貿易緊張局勢有所緩和。

調查主任Joanne Hsu在聲明中表示:「消費者似乎已經從四月宣佈的極高關稅和隨後幾周的政策波動中稍微恢復過來。然而,消費者仍然感受到經濟面臨廣泛的下行風險。」

儘管如此,信心仍比十二月低約20%,如果貿易緊張局勢再次加劇,美國人可能會再次感到不安。

到目前為止,特朗普政府在貿易談判中進展甚微,與英國和中國達成了一些協議。特朗普仍需在不到一個月的時間內完成超過一百個貿易協議,否則他的「對等」關稅將於七月八日重新生效。

特朗普的「解放日」關稅是美國進口稅在200年數據中最劇烈的升級。這些關稅於四月九日短暫生效,隨後特朗普宣佈將其推遲至七月初。

特朗普的貿易政策也受到法院的質疑,因為一名聯邦法官裁定總統使用緊急權力實施其重稅是非法的。聯邦上訴法院本週早些時候裁定,在法律挑戰進行期間,大多數特朗普的關稅可以生效,同時加速解決。

特朗普的貿易戰對美國人對經濟的態度造成的影響引發了對消費者支出的疑問,消費者支出是美國經濟的命脈。儘管消費者信心顯著減弱,但這一直不是未來支出良好的預測指標,因此投資者和經濟政策制定者一直密切關注支出數據,以觀察這次是否仍然如此。

根據商務部的數據,四月份消費者支出僅比前一個月增長0.2%,與三月份的0.7%增長形成鮮明對比,當時美國人提前購買了尤其是汽車等商品。

目前尚無法得出結論,認為美國人在面對持續的不確定性和特朗普關稅導致的通脹預期中縮減支出。但如果美國勞動力市場突然惡化,這種情況可能會發生。

經濟學家指出,勞動力市場是支出的主要推動力。如果美國人保持就業,且工資超過通脹,那麼他們很可能會繼續消費。

編者評論

這篇文章探討了特朗普總統的貿易政策對美國消費者信心和經濟的影響。從中可以看出,政策的波動性對市場和消費者心理有著深遠的影響。儘管消費者信心有所回升,但其實整體經濟的不確定性依然存在,特別是在貿易談判進展緩慢的情況下。

這反映出政策制定者在推行重大經濟政策時需要考慮的多重因素,尤其是短期內的市場反應和長期的經濟健康。消費者信心雖然是一個重要的指標,但並不是唯一的經濟健康指標。政策的有效性還需要看其對就業率和實際消費行為的影響。

在香港及全球經濟環境中,我們可以從美國的情況中學到的是,經濟政策的透明度和穩定性對於維持市場信心和促進經濟增長至關重要。這也提醒我們,政治與經濟的交錯如何影響日常生活中的每一個人。

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