【貿戰風雲】特朗普關稅重擊印度皮革業 收入料跌12%




印度皮革業面臨重創:特朗普的關稅將使公司收入下降12%

印度的皮革及相關產品行業預計在2025財年錄得收入達到5600億盧比,其中出口佔收入的70%。出口主要集中在歐盟(超過50%)和美國(22%)。然而,根據Crisil Ratings的報告,由於美國對印度商品徵收的50%關稅(包括25%的互惠關稅和25%的購買俄羅斯石油的懲罰性關稅),該行業的收入預計在本財年將下降10-12%。

印度皮革業面臨重創:特朗普的關稅將使公司收入下降12%

為什麼印度的皮革業收入會下降?

由於出口集中度高,即使在國內需求適度改善、商品及服務稅(GST)合理化、較低的所得稅、溫和的通脹和低利率等有利的宏觀經濟因素的推動下,收入仍將下降。Crisil Ratings分析34家皮革公司,約佔行業收入的12.5%,指出出口量將下降13-14%,特別是美國的成品皮革產品如鞋類和皮革配件的出口受到嚴重影響。

自從50%的關稅生效以來,出口到美國的訂單被取消或暫停,許多企業,特別是那些對美國有重大依賴的鞣革廠和小型皮革製品製造單位,在過去兩個月內已經關閉。為了應對收入損失和利潤下降,出口商正在嘗試轉向其他關稅結構有利的市場,並將生產轉移或外包到其他地區。然而,這些措施仍處於初期階段,需要時間才能實現效果。

值得注意的是,最近與英國簽署的自由貿易協定(FTA)、來自美國以外市場的持續需求,以及努力進入其他出口目的地,可能有助於遏制出口收入的下降。在國內市場方面,將皮革產品的GST從18%降至12%預計將提高產品的可負擔性並推動高端化。此外,聯邦預算中宣布的所得稅優惠,以及印度儲備銀行的政策利率削減帶來的較低利率和穩定的通脹率,可能會促進消費。

特朗普對印度的關稅

過去幾個月,印度和美國一直在談判一項臨時貿易協議。美國總統特朗普在7月宣布對印度商品徵收25%的關稅,儘管當時有希望達成一項臨時的印美貿易協議以避免提高的關稅。幾天後,他又加徵了25%的關稅,將總關稅提高到50%,理由是印度繼續從俄羅斯進口石油。這50%的關稅於8月27日生效。今年3月,印度和美國開始商討一項公正、平衡和互利的雙邊貿易協定(BTA),目標是在2025年10月至11月完成協定的第一階段。

這篇文章揭示了印度皮革業面臨的挑戰,特別是在全球貿易緊張局勢加劇的背景下。特朗普的關稅政策不僅對印度的出口構成直接威脅,也使得全球貿易環境更加複雜。印度企業需要在這樣的環境中迅速適應,尋找新的市場和機會,以減少對單一市場的依賴。這不僅是對印度皮革業的挑戰,也是對全球貿易政策的考驗,如何在保護本國利益和促進自由貿易之間取得平衡,將是未來需要持續關注的問題。

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