【貿戰風雲】特朗普大減中美關稅,美企急轉貨運策略!




美國進口商重新考慮運輸策略因川普削減中國關稅

美國進口商正重新評估他們的運輸和儲存策略,因為川普政府突然降低了對中國商品的關稅。關稅從145%驟降至30%,並暫定90天,促使企業重新思考如何以及何時將貨物運入美國。同時,進口商品的激增正在給美國港口和鐵路網路帶來壓力。

在這一變化之前,高達145%的關稅實際上阻止了除最關鍵商品以外的所有商品跨越太平洋。對於已經在運輸途中的貨物,許多公司轉向了保稅倉庫,使他們能夠在繳納關稅之前將商品免費儲存長達五年。只有當貨物最終進入美國市場時,他們才需要繳納關稅。

“通過將貨物保稅儲存,有可能以較低的稅率繳納關稅,” Flexe全國倉儲網絡副總裁Ben Dean在一周前的採訪中表示。當關稅為145%時,在保稅設施中等待,即使有儲存費用,通常也是合理的。

然而,隨著關稅降至30%,對保稅儲存的興趣“驟然下降”,Dean告訴Business Insider。儘管如此,一些進口商將其視為未來關稅可能上升的保險。

### 許多企業轉向自由貿易區(FTZs)

與保稅倉庫類似,FTZs允許延遲繳納關稅。關鍵的區別在於時機。FTZs在貨物到達時鎖定關稅,而不是當貨物離開該區域並正式進入美國商業領域時。這可能會在進口商未來關稅可能再次上升時保護他們。

“如果我們在91天后沒有取得正式協議,關稅再次上升,那將是一個風險,” Dean說。“至少現在有一個上升空間,而我們之前沒有。”

在運輸方面,對鐵路和短途卡車的需求正在增加,而長途卡車運輸費率已經趨緩。“對速度的需求已經消失,”Dean解釋說。“較慢、更具成本效益的運輸方式現在需求很高。”

實際上,進口商此前為了趕在之前關稅生效前運輸貨物,現在正在使用美國鐵路線來儲存商品,直到銷售時。這爭取了額外的時間,而不必在儲存設施中積累賬單。

與此同時,美國和中國之間的集裝箱預訂量本週激增了近300%,預示著新一波貨物湧入。 “港口正在努力確保這股激增的貨物能夠順暢下船,”Dean說。“每個人都想避免另一場像COVID高峰期在長灘港發生的新聞事件,當時船舶在錨地等待了數周。”

儘管全國倉儲空間充足,但西海岸碼頭在未來幾周可能會面臨容量緊張。“我們正在實時改變庫存成本的經濟效益,”Dean說。“我們正在進行國內供應鏈的現場測試,當這種轉變發生時。”

### 川普降低中國關稅不會讓美國消費者避免價格上漲

從145%降至30%的關稅聽起來像是種寬慰,但美國購物者可能不會看到太大差異,根據CNN的一份報告。由於降低的關稅僅持續三個月,企業正在爭相完成訂單並在費率最低時從中國運送貨物。這種緊迫性正在推動生產和運輸費用的增加,抵消了關稅節省的好處。

中國工廠業主已經在提高自身成本以滿足訂單激增的需求。“他們為員工提供加班費和其他獎金,這是異常的,”Maine Pointe全球供應鏈諮詢公司董事總經理Andrew Rader說。同時,塑料、金屬等關鍵原材料價格已“上漲10%或更多”。

更糟糕的是,許多工廠提高了最低訂購量。以前只購買足夠三個月貨物的公司現在必須下訂單,數量足以覆蓋六個月。這增加了庫存水平和儲存費用,在繳納關稅或運輸費用之前。

綜合考慮,Rader估計美國公司在中國製造的成本增加了15%至25%,甚至在繳納30%的關稅和運輸成本之前。儘管如此,他指出目前的稅率與前幾天面臨的145%關稅相比是一個“相當大的節省”。

“供應鏈中添加的任何成本和風險都必須以某種方式表達,”聖塔克拉拉大學商學院教授Andy Tsay警告說。他預測更高的費用可能會導致更頻繁的斷貨或更少、更小幅度的銷售和折扣。

Tsay還表示,一些新產品可能永遠不會登上貨架,如果公司認為成本和風險太大。即使關稅在協議後恢復到零,他也建議賣家如果消費者願意支付,可能會保持更高的價格。

作為編輯,我認為這篇文章揭示了美國進口商在面對不斷變化的關稅政策時的策略調整。企業正在積極應對關稅降低的機會和挑戰,尋求優化運輸和儲存策略。同時,這也凸顯了美國消費者可能面臨的價格上漲和供應鏈風險。隨著全球貿易環境的持續變化,企業和政策制定者都需要密切關注這些動向,以確保供應鏈的穩定和經濟的持續增長。

此外,這篇文章也反映了美國進口商在面對不確定性時的創新和適應能力。他們通過使用保稅倉庫、自由貿易區和鐵路運輸等方式來降低成本和風險。同時,這也提出了關於未來貿易政策和對美國經濟影響的問題。隨著貿易談判的繼續,企業和政策制定者需要共同努力,以確保貿易政策的穩定性和可預測性,促進經濟的持續增長。

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The tourist man in a colorful winter knit sweater, light down jacket, dark pants, and boots standing at a viewpoint overlooking the pastel-colored hillside houses of Gamcheon Culture Village. Cool winter light, cinematic depth. Main focus on the vibrant architecture, man secondary. {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra performing a sacred night-time royal dance, embodying divine seduction, power, and celestial authority.",
"angle": "Full-body high-fashion editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is captured mid-dance inside a temple courtyard at night, her body angled gracefully, hips grounded, torso lifted, creating a powerful and sensual silhouette.",
"movement": "Her arms are raised in slow ceremonial motion while one leg steps forward, fully revealing her feet and lower legs as part of the ritual stance.",
"expression": "A calm, hypnotic, commanding gaze directed toward the camera—quiet dominance wrapped in sensual mystery."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown with an all-crystal bodice that fits like jeweled armor. Thousands of hand-set crystals, diamonds, and glass stones in gold, champagne, clear, and iridescent tones form sacred Egyptian motifs—cobras, sun disks, lotus symbols—entirely through crystal placement. The neckline is daring yet elegant, supported by invisible illusion mesh. From the waist, the skirt opens into flowing sheer silk and organza panels in ivory and soft gold, designed with a high front opening that intentionally exposes her legs and feet during movement. Crystal chains and beaded fringe sway rhythmically with every step, enhancing sensual motion.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian ceremonial headpiece with gold and crystal detailing, an oversized layered gold collar necklace, sculpted crystal arm cuffs, finger armor rings, a crystal-and-gold waist belt, and delicate gold anklets accentuating her bare feet.",
"hair": "Her hair is sleek, glossy, and perfectly controlled, styled to balance the weight of the crystal headpiece while allowing elegant movement.",
"makeup": "Ultra-glam, colorful Egyptian night makeup—bold elongated black kohl eyeliner, intense eyeshadow layered in turquoise, emerald, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold. Beneath the eyes, intricate ceremonial ink drawings in fine black and gold lines inspired by ancient Egyptian markings. Skin is luminous with molten-gold highlights, brows strong and defined, lips finished in a sensual nude-bronze satin."
},

"props": {
"ritual_elements": [
"Burning incense bowls releasing thick aromatic smoke",
"Golden sistrum placed near the dance space",
"Tall ceremonial torches lining the temple floor"
]
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand ancient Egyptian temple courtyard at night, reserved for sacred royal rituals.",
"midground_details": "Towering sandstone columns, massive statues of Isis and Hathor, carved temple walls, flowing linen drapes, and ceremonial platforms illuminated by firelight.",
"micro_elements": "Torch flames reflecting off crystal surfaces, fine dust particles glowing in the night air, incense smoke wrapping around her legs and feet, detailed stone floor textures beneath her bare feet, crystal fringe in motion, and sharply defined shadows—everything rendered in extreme detail with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic night lighting using torches, oil lamps, and subtle moonlight.",
"effect": "Firelight ignites the crystal bodice with prismatic sparkle while moonlight softly outlines her legs and feet, creating a dramatic, sensual, and divine atmosphere."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for full-body and environment sharpness",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s to freeze elegant motion clearly",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus on crystal bodice, facial features, legs, feet, and temple details, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "Ultra high-fashion editorial, night temple ritual, all-crystal couture, sexy yet sacred, ancient Egyptian royalty reimagined, cinematic realism, extremely detailed, sharp, iconic"
}