【貿戰風雲】特朗普大手加徵巴西出口關稅激化貿易戰




特朗普對巴西及其他國家實施大規模關稅

美國總統唐納德·特朗普宣布對超過20個國家實施新的大規模關稅,其中包括對巴西進口商品徵收50%的關稅,將於8月1日起生效。特朗普以前巴西總統雅伊爾·博索納羅的“政治迫害”審判為理由,推動了這一舉措。此舉引發了與巴西的外交對抗,巴西總統盧拉·達席爾瓦威脅根據巴西的經濟互惠法案進行報復性關稅。其他國家如菲律賓也面臨20%的關稅,並正在華盛頓尋求重新談判。這些關稅範圍從20%到50%,包括銅等特定商品,已經擾亂了全球市場。特朗普將這些措施描述為確保貿易互惠和保護國家安全的努力。與此同時,歐盟正在與美國進行談判,以避免類似的關稅行動,全球各國正準備應對更廣泛的經濟影響。

關鍵點

* 特朗普的關稅信函發給了除巴西和菲律賓外的多個國家,包括汶萊、摩爾多瓦、阿爾及利亞、伊拉克、斯里蘭卡和利比亞,關稅範圍主要在20%到30%之間。
* 特朗普確認從8月1日起對銅進口徵收50%的關稅,以匹配鋼鐵和鋁的關稅,導致銅期貨上漲超過2%,並暗示可能對藥品徵收200%的關稅。
* 雅伊爾·博索納羅的兒子愛德華多·博索納羅公開表示,這些關稅針對的是巴西最高法院法官亞歷山大·德·莫拉埃斯和盧拉政府,因為美國的外交警告被忽視,緊張局勢升級。
* 菲律賓官員,包括特別助理弗雷德里克·戈和貿易部長克里斯蒂娜·羅克,計劃在華盛頓進行面對面的談判,尋求關稅減讓,特別是對椰子產業。
* 巴西召見美國大使,指控關稅與政治迫害有關,總統盧拉捍衛巴西的司法獨立,拒絕特朗普的貿易逆差指控。

評論

特朗普對巴西及其他國家的關稅政策,無疑是國際貿易領域的一個重大舉措,這將對全球經濟產生深遠影響。從策略上看,特朗普政府似乎在利用關稅作為一種工具,以達到政治和經濟的雙重目的。然而,這種做法也可能會引發相關國家的強烈反彈,進一步加劇國際貿易的緊張局勢。

從巴西的角度來看,這一高額關稅將對其出口構成嚴重打擊,特別是在銅等重要商品領域。這不僅會影響巴西的經濟增長,還可能迫使其重新考慮與美國的貿易關係,甚至加速其向其他市場的多元化轉移。

此外,這些關稅措施也顯示出國際貿易政策日益政治化的趨勢,經濟決策被用作政治籌碼,這對全球經濟穩定構成潛在威脅。對於香港等依賴國際貿易的經濟體來說,這樣的政策變動無疑增加了市場的不確定性,企業需要更加靈活地應對全球貿易格局的變化。

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