【貿戰風雲】特朗普加稅反彈:印度俄油更便宜?




為何特朗普對印度的關稅反而成印度之利:報告

華爾街日報的一份報告揭示,儘管白宮對印度進口商品加徵關稅,以懲罰新德里購買受制裁的俄羅斯原油,但這並沒有幫助到華盛頓的目標。

美國總統特朗普上月將對印度商品的關稅提高一倍,達50%,以懲罰新德里購買受制裁的俄羅斯原油。這是美國對莫斯科在烏克蘭戰爭的回應之一。總共50%的關稅(25%互惠和25%針對俄羅斯石油)使印度成為世界上被徵稅最重的貿易夥伴之一。

特朗普周一還聲稱,印度曾提出將對美國商品的關稅降至零,他說這本應在幾年前就發生。

美國的關稅一度震撼全球石油市場。印度買家轉而購買中東石油,而中國買家則趁機進場。

俄羅斯迅速降低價格,以重新贏得印度客戶。目前,烏拉爾原油每桶價格比類似的中東石油低約7美元,這對印度的煉油廠來說是難以抗拒的優惠。

在新德里的批准下,印度與俄羅斯的石油交易恢復,石油流動也恢復正常。關稅可能無意中使俄羅斯石油對印度來說更加便宜。

受制裁的石油正在大量湧入全球黑市。約15%的全球石油供應受到西方制裁,運輸非法能源的「影子艦隊」自俄羅斯制裁開始以來已增加四倍。2022年 alone,就有427艘「影子船隻」運輸伊朗和委內瑞拉的受制裁石油,根據航運風險公司Vortexa的數據。

印度現在從受制裁的生產商那裡採購約37%的石油,相比四年前僅1%。中國的比例也在上升,中國近三分之一的進口石油來自同一來源。美國50%的關稅,部分目的是迫使印度在農業方面讓步,但這可能會使印度的經濟增長減少0.8個百分點。

到目前為止,這並沒有奏效。相反,印度正在加強與俄羅斯和中國的關係。印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪最近訪問了中國,參加上海合作組織峰會,這是他七年來的首次訪問。

早些時候,印度外交部長S·賈伊什卡爾會見了俄羅斯領導人,雙方同意在未來五年內將雙邊貿易額增加50%,彭博社報道。

在我看來,這篇文章揭示了美國對印度和俄羅斯的制裁可能適得其反。美國可能意在通過制裁來迫使印度讓步,但結果卻是印度與俄羅斯和中國的關係更加密切。同時,美國的制裁也可能使俄羅斯石油更加便宜地流入印度市場。

這也反映出美國的對外政策和經濟戰略可能需要重新評估。美國可能需要考慮其制裁的長期影響,以及是否真的能夠達到預期的效果。同時,印度和俄羅斯等國家也可能需要重新評估與美國的關係,以及如何在美國的制裁下維護自身的經濟利益。

總的來說,這篇文章提供了對美國對外政策和經濟戰略的新見解,也提出了一些值得思考的問題。美國是否能夠在未來調整其戰略,以更好地實現其目標?印度和俄羅斯等國家又將如何應對美國的制裁?這些都是值得關注的問題。

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