【貿戰風雲】最高法院審特朗普關鍵關稅案 影響90億收入

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貿易協議與900億美元關稅收入:本週最高法院標誌性案件的關鍵焦點

美國最高法院即將開始審理一宗被前總統特朗普稱為「我國歷史上最重要的案件之一」的案件。此案關乎特朗普政府以《國際緊急經濟權力法》(IEEPA)為依據,對多個主要貿易夥伴徵收高額關稅的合法性。

特朗普曾利用該法律,對印度、巴西等國徵收高達50%的進口稅率,今年更對中國徵收高達145%的關稅。若最高法院判決不利於特朗普,雖不會立即取消所有關稅,但將對特朗普的整體經濟策略帶來重大衝擊。

以下是最高法院裁決可能帶來的影響:

近900億美元的關稅收入面臨挑戰

根據美國海關與邊境保護局數據,截至9月23日,美國企業已支付近900億美元的IEEPA關稅,佔2025財政年度(截至9月30日)關稅總收入的一半以上。特朗普早前接受福克斯商業頻道訪問時表示,若最高法院判決不利,美國政府可能需要退還已收取的關稅款項。

不過,即使案件審理期間企業仍需繼續繳納關稅,潛在的退款金額將持續累積。退款流程預計將複雜且漫長,且並非所有繳納關稅的企業都能獲得退款,最終由法官裁定。

貿易協議的未來充滿不確定性

特朗普利用即時調高關稅的威脅,成功迫使多國與美國簽訂貿易協議,這些協議包括增加美國商品採購、提升對美國企業投資,以及降低對美國出口商品的關稅。

若最高法院判決IEEPA關稅違法,這些協議的基礎將受到動搖。Dorsey & Whitney國際貿易部門合夥人Dave Townsend指出,政府可能會聲稱協議依然有效,但貿易夥伴或會重新談判,甚至採取報復性關稅,對美國出口造成影響。

特朗普關稅政策的未來走向

美國總統歷來擁有多種徵收關稅的法律工具,但特朗普第二任期主要依賴兩種:IEEPA關稅和第232條款關稅。後者基於國家安全理由,需經商務部調查,僅能針對特定產業徵稅,今年已用於汽車、鋼鐵、鋁材等行業。

無論最高法院如何裁決,特朗普仍可運用第232條款及其他關稅工具,但這些工具無法像IEEPA關稅般迅速調整稅率,失去IEEPA關稅將削弱總統快速調整貿易政策的能力。

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評論與分析

這宗最高法院案件不僅是對特朗普個人政策的法律審視,更是對美國未來貿易政策靈活性和國家經濟策略的深刻考驗。IEEPA關稅的快速調整機制,曾讓特朗普政府在國際貿易談判中握有強大籌碼,但同時也引發不少爭議和法律挑戰。

若最高法院判定IEEPA關稅違法,將迫使美國政府回歸更傳統且程序繁複的關稅調整方式,這或許會降低美國在全球貿易談判中的即時反應能力,影響美國企業的競爭力和國際地位。

此外,這亦提醒我們,經濟政策的合法性與持續性同樣重要,任何政策若缺乏穩固的法律基礎,都可能在關鍵時刻遭遇重大挫折。對於香港及全球市場而言,這場法院審理將對全球供應鏈和貿易環境帶來深遠影響,值得密切關注。

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Create an image that captures a person working on a laptop while sitting on a wooden beach chair on a sandy beach.
Here are some key details:
Subject: A man uploaded photo wearing a light-colored, long-sleeved shirt open botten (possibly linen or a light denim), dark shorts. He is focused intently on the screen and keyboard of his silver laptop.
Setting: The scene is set on a beach during sunset or sunrise, indicated by the warm, golden light and the long shadows. There is a palm tree towering over the person, and its fronds are visible against the bright sky. The ocean is in the background.
Atmosphere: The overall mood is one of a "digital nomad" or someone enjoying the flexibility of working remotely in a beautiful, relaxed, and warm location. The lighting creates a very aesthetic and aspirational feel.
Foreground Detail: To the left of the chair, there's a wooden crate or small table where a portion of a coconut appears to be resting.
The photo effectively contrasts the intensity of work with the serene, [Enhanced Artistic Prompt]

A highly detailed portrait of a young Asian woman inspired by the delicate, doll-like beauty of Imada Mio (精緻洋娃娃臉). She has large, round, luminous eyes with a deep, expressive gaze, a petite V-shaped face, full rosy cheeks, and porcelain-soft skin. Her expression is a captivating blend of innocence, youthful energy, and subtle flirtation, capturing an aura of pure allure.

Her hair is long, dark chocolate brown, with natural volume and texture—slightly tousled in an artful, “just woke up” messy style (剛睡醒的凌亂感), with soft strands falling over her face and shoulders. She wears an oversized, semi-translucent white button-down boyfriend shirt (男友風白襯衫), loosely draped and unbuttoned at the top, elegantly revealing her collarbones and creating a “bottomless” fashion look (下衣失蹤風格) with a sense of relaxed intimacy.

The overall aesthetic is reminiscent of a contemporary Japanese Gravure photobook (寫真集風格), evoking both pure charm and subtle sensuality (Pure & Sexy vibe). Use bright, high-key natural lighting to create a soft, ethereal glow, with smooth, radiant skin texture. Emphasize pastel color grading and gentle film grain, referencing the signature look of Fujifilm PRO 400H for a dreamy, cinematic finish. Compose the image artistically, focusing on beauty, mood, and expressive detail, as if captured in a candid, intimate moment.

— full body or mid-length portrait, shallow depth of field, delicate highlights, softly blurred minimalist background, inviting eyes, tasteful and elegant composition. A young woman with fair skin is taking a selfie inside a fitness center (gym).

Main Subject: A young woman with long black hair in a messy bun. She is wearing a light cream or ivory long-sleeved sports zipper jacket and black tight sports shorts. She is also wearing long white socks with black stripes at the top and white sports shoes.

Expression and Pose: She is sitting on a weight training machine (apparently a leg press machine or similar) and holding a phone (with a leopard/leopard print case) to take a selfie in the mirror or using the front camera, with her face forward, a soft smile, and her face and eyes looking at the mirror.

Background (Gym): The background is dominated by modern gym equipment in dark gray and red. There are a few other unfocused people in the background, including a man on the left lifting weights or standing near a barbell, and another man in a green shirt standing near equipment. The gym floor appears dark.

Brief Prompt (Suitable for Image Search or Hashtags):

Selfie in the gym, young woman with messy bun and cream jacket, sitting on a training machine, aesthetic sporty, indoor lighting. Without changing her face.