【貿戰風雲】日本核心通脹升至3.5% 兩年新高震撼市場

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日本核心通脹率升至3.5% 為逾兩年新高

日本政府最新數據顯示,4月份日本核心通脹率加速至3.5%,高於經濟學家預期的3.4%,較前月的3.2%上升,亦是2023年1月以來最高水平。核心通脹率是指扣除新鮮食品價格後的通脹率。

而總體通脹率則按年上升3.6%,與上月持平,持續超過日本央行2%的目標逾三年。

日本央行行長植田和男表示,將根據價格趨勢決定是否提高利率,同時關注美國關稅對經濟的影響。

近期,日本米價大幅上漲,全年漲幅達一倍。據報導,全國1,000家超市的平均米價創下歷史新高,5公斤米的價格更在5月11日達到4,268日圓(約29.63美元),較上一周上漲54日圓。日本首相菅義偉承諾將米價降至4,000日圓(約28美元)以下,並將此作為自己的施政目標。

不過,經濟學家預計,隨著原油價格下降和日圓升值,未來幾個月核心通脹率將有所緩和。Sompo Institute Plus經濟學家小池雅人(Masato Koike)表示,美國關稅導致的糧食供應過剩可能會降低食品價格,而政府在夏季恢復對電費和氣費的補貼也會對通脹產生下行壓力。

日圓兌美元匯率在數據發布後小幅走強0.15%,至143.80,而基準日經225指數亦有小幅上漲。

Capital Economics亞太區負責人馬塞爾·塞利安特(Marcel Thieliant)預計,通脹持續強勁將說服日本央行在10月份再次加息。

日本目前面臨美國前總統特朗普對大多數貿易夥伴實施的10%基本關稅,以及計劃於7月生效的24%「對等」關稅,除非日本能與美國達成協議。日本亦是受特朗普對汽車、鋼鐵和鋁產品實施25%關稅的重災區。

雙方談判目前陷入僵局,日本高級官员請求美國取消對東京的所有關稅,並強調日本不會急於達成可能損害國家利益的協議。

作為編輯,我認為日本核心通脹率升至3.5%是一個值得關注的經濟指標,顯示日本的通脹壓力仍然存在。日本央行需要謹慎評估美國關稅對經濟的影響,並考慮是否需要調整貨幣政策。同時,日本政府承諾降低米價的舉動亦值得關注,未來幾個月通脹走勢將如何發展,仍需密切觀察。

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