【貿戰風雲】中美貿易談判倫敦開講 罕見稀土礦爭議解凍




美中貿易談判面臨複雜的出口爭端

美國和中國的高層代表團正在倫敦舉行貿易會談,參與者包括美國財政部長Scott Bessent、商務部長Howard Lutnick、貿易代表Jamieson Greer以及中國副總理何立峰。這次會議是在特朗普和習近平總統之間的電話會議後進行的,旨在穩定一項90天的關稅休戰協議,該協議是在中國對美國出口急劇下降後達成的。關鍵議題包括關稅、出口管制和稀土礦物,這些對於電子和國防等行業至關重要。作為中立方的英國正在主持會談,並呼籲自由貿易,警告貿易戰的後果。分析人士預計,會談將持續至少一天,技術和出口政策的複雜爭端使得解決問題困難。國際市場以謹慎態度回應,反映出對更廣泛經濟影響的擔憂。

關鍵點

* Kevin Hassett,白宮國家經濟委員會主任,形容這次會議可能是”一次短暫的會議,伴隨著大而有力的握手”,特別是關於中國願意出口稀土礦物的問題,這對汽車製造商和軍事設備製造商至關重要。
* Kevin Hassett還指出,緊隨握手之後,美國預計將放寬出口管制,並大量釋放稀土礦物,之後可繼續就小型貿易事項進行談判。
* 美國目前對中國商品徵收30%的關稅,而中國對美國商品徵收10%的關稅,這是美國在4月實施“解放日”關稅後引發貿易戰的報復性徵稅。
* 自日內瓦會談以來,雙方在人工智能驅動的先進半導體、稀土礦物和中國學生赴美國大學簽證等問題上持續緊張。
* 英國財政大臣Rachel Reeves在會談前與美國財政部長Scott Bessent和中國副總理何立峰會面,顯示出英國在主持和促進討論中的高層參與。

批判性問題

稀土出口如何影響全球供應鏈?

稀土礦物是高科技設備、電動車和國防設備製造中的關鍵組成部分。如果中國限制或停止這些礦物的出口,特別是在美國、歐洲和日本的全球產業將面臨重大供應鏈中斷。預計中國稀土礦物出口的恢復將穩定這些供應鏈,確保汽車、半導體和國防部門的生產穩定。相反,長期的限制可能迫使公司尋找替代供應商、投資回收或發展本地採礦,但這些轉變將帶來高昂的成本,並可能需要數年時間才能成為可行的。

編者評論

這次美中貿易會談的核心在於稀土礦物的出口問題,這不僅僅關乎貿易數字,還涉及到全球科技和國防供應鏈的穩定性。稀土礦物對現代科技的不可或缺性,讓這次會談的結果對全球市場具有深遠的影響。從香港的視角看,這次會談的成敗可能會對亞洲市場帶來直接的影響,特別是在科技產品的生產和供應方面。此外,這次會談也反映了美中兩國在全球經濟中不可避免的相互依賴關係,這種關係在貿易戰的背景下尤為顯著。儘管談判可能會解決部分問題,但長期的經濟與政治博弈仍將持續,香港作為國際金融中心,必須謹慎應對這種不確定性。

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