【貿戰風雲】中美貿易戰加劇 中國出口大幅放緩




中國出口增長放緩 貿易戰影響顯著

根據官方數據顯示,中國五月的出口增長速度不如預期,因特朗普的關稅影響,對美國的出口量大幅下降,全球貿易動盪加劇。

中國出口增長放緩 貿易戰影響顯著

數據同時顯示,進口量出現超出預期的下降,反映出全球第二大經濟體內部消費疲弱,早前的數據已顯示價格持續下降。

上月海外出貨量同比下降4.8%,雖較四月有所改善,但仍高於彭博社調查的經濟學家預測的6.0%降幅。數據顯示,與四月相比,對美國的出口暴跌12.7%,當時特朗普對中國實施了高額關稅。隨著北京採取反制措施,來自美國的進口量則下降了17.9%。

五月的出口同比下降了三分之一。

相反,數據顯示,對越南的出貨量較上月有所增加。其他東南亞國家如馬來西亞、泰國、新加坡和印尼的出口在四月大幅增長後略有下降。

Pinpoint Asset Management的首席經濟學家張智威在報告中指出:「中美貿易戰導致對美國的出口大幅下降,但損失被對其他國家出口的增長所抵消。」他補充道,「目前貿易前景仍高度不確定」,並指出「提前裝運」的影響,即海外買家在可能提高關稅前增加出貨量。

週一的數據加劇了對中國經濟的擔憂,國家統計局的報告顯示,消費者價格指數——衡量通脹的關鍵指標——在五月同比下降0.1%。

儘管這一數據略好於預期,但這已是連續第四個月價格下降,顯示北京在疫情結束後努力提振疲弱的國內消費。

領導層未能啟動需求,威脅到其官方增長目標,並使其難以抵禦特朗普的關稅攻勢。

雖然通縮表明商品成本下降,但它對整體經濟構成威脅,因為消費者在這種情況下往往會推遲購買,希望價格進一步下降。

需求不足可能迫使企業減少生產、凍結招聘或裁員,同時也可能需要打折現有庫存,削弱盈利能力,即使成本保持不變。

已經持續超過兩年的經濟衰退加劇,國家統計局週一表示,五月工廠門價格也下降。

生產者價格指數下降3.3%,比四月的2.7%降幅加快,快於彭博調查估計的3.2%。

預計中美代表週一在倫敦進行另一輪高風險的貿易談判,市場希望能緩解兩大經濟體之間的緊張局勢。

談判中的一個關鍵問題將是北京的稀土出口,這對包括電動車電池在內的多種商品至關重要,並且一直是兩國之間的爭議點。

週一的數據顯示,中國稀土出口量上月從四月的4,785噸增加到5,865噸。

倫敦會談將是自特朗普在四月二日發起全球貿易攻勢以來的第二輪正式談判。

這些會談是在上週特朗普與中國國家主席習近平通電話後宣布的,特朗普形容通話「非常好」。

五月中旬在日內瓦舉行的第一輪會談中,雙方暫停了高額關稅,但未能達成全面貿易協議。

編者評論:中國出口增長放緩的現象反映了一個更深層次的全球經濟問題,即貿易戰的長期影響。這不僅僅是關稅問題,還涉及到全球供應鏈的重新配置,以及各國對經濟自主性的重新考量。中美兩國的貿易談判雖然有望緩解短期的緊張局勢,但更重要的是如何建立一個更穩定和可持續的全球貿易架構。香港作為亞洲金融中心,應密切關注這些動向,並考慮如何在這樣的環境中保持競爭力和創新能力。

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