【貿戰風雲】中國消費物價持續下跌 引發通縮憂慮




中國消費者價格再次下跌,需求疲軟加劇通縮擔憂

一位女士在上海的Pop Mart商店與Labubu娃娃合影

中國的消費者價格在五月份連續第四個月下跌。工廠門口或生產者價格的通縮加劇,自2023年7月以來跌幅最大。中國副總理兼首席貿易代表何立峰預計將在倫敦與美國財政部長斯科特·貝森特率領的貿易談判團隊會面。

五月份,中國消費者價格連續第四個月下跌,北京的刺激措施似乎不足以提振國內消費,汽車行業的價格戰進一步加大了下行壓力。

根據國家統計局週一發布的數據,消費者價格指數(CPI)同比下降0.1%,而路透社的中位數預測為下降0.2%。CPI在二月份跌入負值區間,同比下降0.7%,並在三月、四月和五月繼續每年下降0.1%。

然而,不包括食品和能源價格的核心通脹在五月上升0.6%,是今年一月以來的最高水平,根據Wind信息顯示。

另外,工廠門口或生產者價格的通縮加劇,五月份同比下降3.3%,這是自2023年7月以來的最大跌幅,並且比分析師預計的3.2%跌幅更大,根據LSEG數據顯示。

自2022年10月以來,批發價格一直處於通縮狀態。

除了持續疲弱的消費需求外,汽車行業的激烈價格戰也使價格保持在較低水平,Pinpoint資產管理公司總裁兼首席經濟學家張志偉表示。

中國政策制定者已敦促汽車行業停止殘酷的價格戰,這損害了企業的盈利能力和效率,進一步壓低了價格。

「汽車行業的價格戰是激烈競爭導致價格下降的另一個信號,」張表示,並補充說,房地產價格的下跌也對消費者價格造成了下行壓力。

儘管出口保持強勁,但「最終中國需要依賴國內需求來對抗通縮,」張補充說。

煤炭開採和石油及天然氣開採公司的工廠門口價格出現最大跌幅,分別同比下降18.2%和17.3%,官方數據顯示

國家統計局首席統計師董麗娟強調需要「更有力和針對性的刺激措施來促進消費。」

5月7日,中國最高金融監管機構推出了一系列旨在提振受關稅影響的經濟的政策步驟。中國央行將關鍵利率下調10個基點至歷史低點,並將決定銀行必須持有的現金儲備量的存款準備金率下調50個基點。

美國總統特朗普將中國商品的關稅提高到145%的禁止性水平,促使北京以關稅和其他限制措施進行報復,例如對其關鍵礦物實施出口管制。

5月12日,經濟在美國和中國在瑞士日內瓦達成初步協議後獲得緩解,雙方放棄了大部分關稅。華盛頓將其對中國商品的徵稅降至51.1%,而北京將對美國進口商品的稅收降至32.6%,根據彼得森國際經濟研究所的數據,為雙方談判更廣泛的協議留出了一些空間。

中國副總理兼首席貿易代表何立峰預計將在當天晚些時候與美國財政部長斯科特·貝森特率領的貿易談判團隊在倫敦會面,進行新的貿易談判。

第二輪會議是在雙方再次出現緊張局勢後舉行的,雙方指責對方違反日內瓦協議。

華盛頓指責北京拖延履行其批准向美國出口更多關鍵礦物的承諾,而中國則批評美國決定對中國學生簽證實施新限制,並對芯片實施額外出口限制。

中國商務部週六表示,將繼續審查和批准稀土出口申請,理由是機器人和新能源車行業對這些礦物的需求不斷增長。

由於與美國的臨時貿易休戰似乎不穩定,市場正在關注北京是否會推出更多貨幣寬鬆政策以提振經濟。

上週發表的一篇文章中,國有媒體中國證券報表示,中國人民銀行可能會在今年晚些時候進一步降低存款準備金率以支持增長,並可能很快結束政府債券交易的長期暫停。央行在一月份暫停了債券購買,試圖抑制債券收益率的暴跌和貨幣疲軟。

本月晚些時候將在上海舉行的年度陸家嘴論壇上,央行行長潘功勝等中國最高金融監管機構將發表主旨演講。上海市政府官員上個月告訴記者,主要金融政策將在論壇上公佈

中國還將於週一晚些時候公佈其五月份的貿易數據,預計顯示出口同比增長5%,進口同比下降0.9%,根據路透社的調查顯示。

評論與分析:

中國的經濟現狀顯示出一個複雜的局面,消費者價格和生產者價格的持續下降反映出國內需求疲弱和市場競爭激烈的雙重挑戰。儘管政府已經採取了一些刺激措施,但效果似乎有限,尤其是在汽車行業的價格戰和房地產市場下行壓力的影響下。這種情況不僅影響了國內市場的穩定,也對全球市場產生了連鎖反應。

值得注意的是,中美之間的貿易談判再次成為焦點,雙方在日內瓦協議後的進展顯得不穩定。這樣的國際貿易關係不僅影響到中國的經濟政策,也反映出全球經濟環境的動盪。未來,中國可能需要更多依賴內需來對抗通縮,這需要更有針對性的政策和措施來促進消費和投資。

從長遠來看,如何在維護國際貿易關係的同時,提升國內市場的活力,將是中國政策制定者面臨的一大挑戰。這也提醒我們,全球經濟的相互依賴性越來越強,任何一個經濟體的變動都可能對全球市場產生深遠影響。

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