【穩定幣新機】香港穩定幣新規:重塑金融格局與中美元角力




穩定幣地緣新棋局:香港重畫規則,數碼金融戰線前移

香港加密貨幣新監管時代

隨住香港即將落實針對法幣掛鈎穩定幣(fiat-referenced stablecoins)的全新監管規定,這座城市正準備作出一個大膽轉向:一方面要配合中國去美元化的國策,另一方面又設下高門檻,或令美國背景的主要穩定幣營運商難以進場。

新法例將於8月1日生效,屆時所有針對香港零售市場的穩定幣發行商,都必須向香港金融管理局(HKMA)申請牌照。

獲牌機構必須遵守嚴格的儲備管理、以面值贖回、資金隔離,以及反洗黑錢(AML)等規定。

穩定幣成為地緣經濟新工具

今次新政策不單止是消費者保障咁簡單,更加係一個強烈的經濟訊號。

財政司司長陳茂波早前於世界經濟論壇「夏季達沃斯」後發文,明確將穩定幣的未來同全球「去美元化」潮流掛鈎。他形容穩定幣係傳統金融體系的「高效替代品」,強調其對跨境支付及資金流動的轉型作用。

陳茂波的說法,其實正正呼應北京推動人民幣國際化、減少全球貿易對美元依賴的大方向。以香港作為全球最大離岸人民幣中心,新穩定幣監管制度有望進一步鞏固本港於中國經濟戰略中的角色。

全球巨頭難闖關?

雖然新法例為多幣種穩定幣打開大門,亦有意將香港塑造成數字資產樞紐,但分析指監管門檻可能對國際巨頭來講過高。

數字資產基建公司IDA聯合創辦人李少康指出,香港對穩定幣發行商的資本要求,約為新加坡的三倍。他形容這個框架「進步」,但預計會傾向本地或區域性玩家,而非像Circle或Tether這類國際巨頭。

根據Decrypt報道,李少康亦提到,要求發行商在香港持有儲備資產及設立營運實體,對國際公司而言是重大障礙。他預計,離岸穩定幣未來會繼續透過本地分銷夥伴,主要針對B2B及跨境場景。

跨境願景,本地限制

即使香港有全球視野,分析師對零售層面採用穩定幣仍然審慎。本地支付系統已相當先進,令日常交易對穩定幣需求並不迫切。

就算係跨境轉賬,穩定幣理論上手續費較低,但李少康指出,計埋貨幣兌換同資金出入金等總成本,往往比傳統服務如Wise還要高,因為不少貨幣對的流動性仍然偏低。

不過,他依然樂觀,認為隨住生態圈成熟,穩定幣的交易成本會不斷下降:「最終,穩定幣的成本曲線會愈來愈有競爭力。」

新監管模式背後的地緣意義

香港推行的新穩定幣監管制度,既是本地金融科技野心的里程碑,更帶有濃厚的地緣政治色彩。

這場遊戲,已經唔再單純係技術或投資者保障咁簡單,而係誰能定義未來價值交換的規則。在新制度下,人民幣掛鈎及本地監管的穩定幣將更易獲批,而過往以美元掛鈎、監管鬆散的Tether、Circle等國際巨頭,則被要求承擔更高合規成本。

換句話說,香港以「軟實力」方式重塑穩定幣生態圈——不是正面對抗,而是以本地規則呼應北京戰略,吸引區域玩家自願加入一個加強人民幣在跨境貿易角色的新體系,同時將美元穩定幣模式邊緣化。

但這種模式亦走在鋼線之上。若能成功,香港有望成為其他人民幣友好市場的範本,為全球提供一個合規、資本效率高的美國體系替代品。但一旦過於收緊,則可能變成監管孤島,限制國際參與,令穩定幣市場進一步割裂。

在這個金融基建愈趨政治化的時代,香港的穩定幣監管藍圖,正好體現數碼金融如何「武器化」——不靠制裁或關稅,而是靠合規框架與牌照制度,重塑全球價值交換的權力分布。

未來這會否成為香港的競爭優勢,抑或最終成為一個警世故事,關鍵就看本港能否在創新、主權與互通之間,取得真正的平衡。

編輯點評:香港穩定幣監管的「三重賭注」

香港今次的穩定幣新監管,表面是金融科技創新,實質卻是一場充滿地緣政治意味的「三重賭注」:一是賭人民幣國際化能否藉數碼資產加速,二是賭本地監管標準能否吸引亞洲資本同時拒美國巨頭,三是賭全球金融割裂下,香港能否自創一套新秩序。

值得深思的是,這種「軟實力」監管策略,相比歐美單純針對風險的做法,明顯更有策略性——它不只是防守,而是主動塑造新遊戲規則。這對香港金融中心地位來說,既是機遇也是風險。假如本地合規成本過高,國際資本或會轉投新加坡或杜拜,反令香港邊緣化。但如果能成功吸納區域資本,建立人民幣計價的數碼資產新生態,則有望在全球金融新秩序中爭一席位。

最終,香港這盤棋如何落子,將不單影響本地金融科技,更可能成為全球數碼金融地緣格局的縮影。這不僅是監管故事,更是國際金融權力重分配的預演。

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