【投資水資源】貝里斯水費擬調升20%引關注




BWS申請加價20% 水費調整擬資助1.3億貝利斯元五年資本投資計劃

貝利斯水務公司(Belize Water Services,簡稱BWS)計劃於2026年4月起,申請平均水費調整20%。該公司於10月1日向公共事業委員會(PUC)提交了2026至2031年五年業務計劃,正式啟動全面水費審查程序。

BWS指出,過去五年營運成本上升,主要原因包括水需求波動、成本增加、疫情後經濟變化及持續的基建投資,再加上全球經濟壓力。特別是利用地表水處理廠及井水系統生產水的平均成本增長了12%。

在未來五年,BWS計劃投入1.3億貝利斯元用於資本改善,但需尋求資金支持。雖然總資本支出原訂為5.58億,但公司建議削減至4.616億,並預期政府及開發商將貢獻約3.35億。

BWS計劃的項目包括擴大水源供應、升級污水系統、更換水錶,以及推行資本更新和替換計劃。

為籌措資金,除自有儲備及貸款外,BWS擬透過水費調整來滿足資金需求。公司在122頁的業務計劃摘要中形容自己為「高效公司,正迅速成為本區水務的典範」,但同時坦言「現金流嚴重短缺,收入不足以應付所有責任及擴張需求」。

加價方案並非一刀切,而是設計新水費組合,根據用戶用水量公平收費,鼓勵節約用水,並對過度用水者施以罰款。新方案將住宅與非住宅用戶分類,並引入「社會用戶」區塊,針對低用水家庭(每月平均用水不超過600加侖,僅限家庭用水)。為保護低收入家庭,住宅用戶收費預計維持不變,更多成本將由非住宅用戶分擔。符合資格的用戶將每半年重新分類一次。

目前BWS根據用水量分階梯收費,最低消費為每月1000加侖。下表展示了社會用戶及住宅用戶的建議收費與現行標準的比較:

BWS水費收費結構示意圖

另外,BWS在貝里斯城、貝爾莫潘、聖佩德羅及凱科爾克等地,服務約30萬5325名市民,擁有6萬7850個水錶連接及1萬1690個污水連接。

2024財政年度,BWS水費收入為5360萬貝利斯元,2025年增至5660萬,過去五年銷售額增長20%,其中非住宅用戶銷售額增長33%,由1700萬增至2300萬。

BWS強調因通脹推高成本,現金流減少,導致無法充分維護資產、擴展服務及提供股東規定回報,迫切需要管理和修復老化基建。

歷史上,BWS於2010年獲准加價12.2%,2012年調降7.2%,2014年再加價6.9%(2015年4月生效)。2022至2025年因疫情影響申請調整被拒。

除加價外,BWS還建議加強監管措施,如嚴懲盜水及非法接駁、按實際成本收取污水接駁費、以滯納金取代停水措施,以及將保證金從50元調升至75元,以防止壞帳。

公共事業委員會將於10月17日晚上6時,在貝里斯城比爾特摩廣場酒店舉行公眾聽證會,接受市民意見,書面意見截止至10月30日,預計11月中旬作出初步決定。

評論與啟示

BWS提出的20%水費加價申請,反映了基建維護與資金壓力的現實挑戰。水務是民生必需,但面對經濟波動、通脹及基建老化,水費調整成為不可避免的選項。BWS嘗試以分級收費模式,兼顧節約用水與弱勢群體保護,這種差異化收費值得肯定,有助於鼓勵合理用水,同時減輕低收入家庭負擔。

然而,20%的平均加價幅度仍較大,可能對部分用戶帶來經濟壓力,尤其是在全球經濟不穩定、生活成本普遍上升的背景下。政府與監管機構需平衡企業財務健康與市民承受能力,確保水資源的可持續供應與公平負擔。

此外,BWS提出的監管強化措施,尤其是禁止盜水和改善收費機制,顯示企業在提升服務質素與管理效率上的努力。推行滯納金替代停水,既能維持收入流,也避免斷水帶來的社會問題,是一個創新且人性化的措施。

整體而言,BWS的計劃展現出一個水務企業在面對多重挑戰下的調整策略,值得其他地區水務機構參考。未來監管部門需持續監察費用透明度和服務質量,確保用戶利益不被忽視,並鼓勵節水意識,推動環境與經濟的雙重可持續發展。

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