【投資水資源】守護湖水未來世代清新之鑰




守護湖泊,為未來世代而努力

USask的Helen Baulch博士正在研究湖泊營養污染問題。

加拿大湖泊資源豐富,無論是冰川湖還是人造水庫,數量都冠絕全球。這些湖泊不單止為社區提供全年休閒、漁業和水力發電等重要功能,更直接影響大家的生活質素。不過,氣候變化和多種人為因素正威脅住湖泊的健康,令加拿大的湖泊面臨前所未有的危機。幸好,薩斯喀徹溫大學(USask)一班研究人員正積極努力,希望守護我們的飲用水,以及延續珍貴的休閒傳統。

水質研究,守護湖泊的關鍵

身兼環境與可持續發展學院教授、水生生態系統生物地球化學增強講座,以及全球水安全研究所(GIWS)成員的Helen Baulch博士表示:「作為水資源研究人員,我的重點是水質,這關乎湖泊是否適合游泳和飲用。我非常關心如何為下一代守護這些湖泊。」

Baulch博士指出,隨著城市擴張、農業活動和氣候變化,水質問題不止在加拿大草原地區惡化,全球都面臨同樣挑戰。她的研究重點在於如何兼顧人類和工業需要,同時管理和改善水質。水質問題相當複雜,涉及多個層面和利益相關者。

湖泊污染,藻類爆發成新威脅

目前,Baulch博士聚焦於世界十大淡水湖之一的溫尼伯湖。近年,湖泊出現越來越多有害藻類爆發,影響泳客和休閒用家。這些藻類生長迅速,並釋放毒素,危害湖泊生態系統及動物健康。她解釋,這些有毒藻類的增加,主要源於營養污染——即過量的磷和氮從周邊土壤流入河流和湖泊,成為藻類的「養分」,促使其大量繁殖。

跨界合作,尋找可行解決方案

在加拿大水資源局(CWA)和加拿大自然科學與工程研究委員會(NSERC)資助下,Baulch博士正與水資源專家、農業生產者、研究人員及社區合作,深入了解應對營養污染的策略,並尋找知識漏洞及行動機會。這項研究屬於CWA的溫尼伯湖淡水生態系統計劃,資金於2025年10月18日由環境與氣候變化部長Julie Dabrusin正式宣布。

Baulch博士補充:「我們知道,解決像溫尼伯湖這樣的水質問題絕不簡單,但我們的目標是找出大家都認同的解決方案,同時針對仍需進一步研究的範疇。只要善用專家知識,作出最佳決策,對溫尼伯湖和其他草原湖泊都會帶來真正幫助。」

編輯評論:湖泊保育是全球共同責任,香港或可借鏡

這篇報道不單止聚焦加拿大湖泊的危機,更反映出全球水資源管理的共同困境。香港作為一個高度城市化的地區,雖然沒有加拿大那麼多湖泊,但水質問題同樣值得警惕。近年本地水塘和河道受污染事件屢現,反映城市擴張和農業活動對水環境的壓力愈來愈大。

Baulch博士的跨界合作模式,值得香港參考——不單止靠政府或學術界,還要動員農業界、社區和業界集思廣益。現今生態危機,往往是多方因素交織,單靠一方努力,難以根治。香港如果能夠建立類似的多方協作平台,推動知識交流和共同監察,相信對本地水質管理會有重大突破。

此外,報道強調「營養污染」對藻類爆發的影響,這一點香港同樣面對,例如水塘藻類過度繁殖,導致水質惡化甚至影響飲用水安全。政府和市民應更加重視源頭管理,例如減少化肥流入水體、加強污水處理等。

最後,湖泊保育不只是科學問題,更是文化和生活質素的象徵。加拿大人珍惜湖泊的休閒和漁業價值,香港市民同樣應重視本地水資源的多元價值,將水環境保育納入城市可持續發展的核心議題。

守護湖泊,不只是為下一代,更是為我們自己創造更美好的生活環境。

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