「聯合國呼籲26000億投資 重振地球土地」




聯合國呼籲投資2.6萬億美元以逆轉土地退化

利雅德(路透社)—— 聯合國負責全球談判的高層官員表示,恢復世界上退化的土地並阻止沙漠擴張,至今需要至少2.6萬億美元的投資,這是首次量化這一成本。

氣候變化導致的乾旱頻率和強度加劇,加上不斷增長的人口對食物的需求,意味著社會面臨更大的動盪風險,除非採取行動。負責聯合國防治沙漠化公約(UNCCD)的執行秘書伊布拉欣·提亞瓦(Ibrahim Thiaw)在本週的利雅德會議之前表示。

這場為期兩週的會議旨在增強全球的抗旱能力,包括加強國家的法律責任,制定戰略性下一步計劃並確保資金到位。

提亞瓦指出,約每天需要10億美元的資金,其中大部分將需要來自私營部門。他表示,「世界上土地恢復的主要投資來自公共資金,這是不正確的。因為基本上,土地退化的主要驅動力是糧食生產,而這掌握在私營部門手中。」他補充,目前私營部門僅提供6%的資金來修復受損的土地。

提亞瓦提問道:「為什麼一隻手在退化土地,另一隻手卻負責恢復和修復它?」他同時承認,政府有責任制定和執行良好的土地使用政策和規範。

隨著全球人口增長,世界需要在相同的土地上生產兩倍的食物,私營部門的投資至關重要。

此次會議跟隨著十月和十一月的類似聯合國活動,當中財政問題——或者說缺乏財政問題——成為中心議題。

為了達到2.6萬億美元的目標,這接近法國的年經濟產出,全球需要每年填補2780億美元的缺口,因為2022年僅投資了660億美元,聯合國表示。

漫長的過程

聯合國支持的一項研究於周日發布,指出土地退化正在「削弱地球維持人類的能力」,如果不加以逆轉,將「對未來幾代人構成挑戰」。

目前約有1500萬平方公里的土地(面積超過南極洲)已經退化,且每年以約100萬平方公里的速度增長。

提亞瓦表示,達成加強國家法律責任的共識將是最難的協議之一,因為一些國家「尚未準備好承擔另一項法律約束的責任」,而另一些國家則認為這是重要的。

儘管各國已經承諾保護約9億公頃的土地,但他們需要設定更具雄心的目標,即15億公頃,並加快進度。

提亞瓦表示,未能就恢復退化土地的步驟達成共識,最終將損害聯合國主導的其他努力,包括限制對氣候有害的溫室氣體排放和保護生物多樣性,因為農業佔23%的溫室氣體排放、80%的森林砍伐和70%的淡水使用。

他強調:「我們談論的資源不是慈善。」並補充道:「因此,重要的是我們要將這視為一項全球平衡的投資,而非僅僅是對非洲貧困地區的投資。」

在全球面臨氣候變化、資源枯竭的背景下,這項呼籲的意義不僅在於數字的龐大,更在於強調了私營部門在解決環境問題中的關鍵角色。政府的政策制定者需要認識到,只有通過有效的合作,才能真正實現可持續發展的目標,否則將會在未來面臨更大的挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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