「攝影靈感:抄襲還是創新?」

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抄襲別人的照片算不算盜竊或靈感?
作者:Sean McCormack 發佈於2024年11月5日

有一句古老的諺語說:「好的藝術家抄襲,偉大的藝術家竊取。」這句話的歷史可以追溯到W. Davenport Adams,再到T.S. Elliot,甚至是史蒂夫·喬布斯。喬布斯將這句話歸功於巴勃羅·畢卡索。但這句話的真實性究竟如何呢?畢竟,版權法保護藝術家免受盜竊的侵害。所以這一切是否只是空談呢?

在所有創意領域中,我們都從前人那裡學習。不僅僅是攝影,音樂家也會學習他人的歌曲來提高自己的演奏技巧。畫家會臨摹名家的畫作,學習他們的技巧和手法。甚至作家也會參考他人的詩歌或散文,提取優美的短語或標點符號。要想精通一門技藝,就必須在前人的作品基礎上進行創新。另一句與此相呼應的話是「站在巨人的肩膀上」。

法律對於知識產權的盜竊是明確的,通常懲罰是財務上的。因此,盜竊的行為在大多數情況下是不可行的。然而,這種盜竊的真正目的在於改進或修改原作,使其成為自己的作品。如今,真正的原創性幾乎不存在,因此,從多個來源「竊取」來創造一些前所未見的作品,成為了一種必要。真正的創造力在於找到合適的來源,並巧妙地隱藏它們。

不過,科技使這一切變得更加字面化。目前的許多人工智能圖像生成器,實際上是從互聯網上「盜取」了大量的照片和插圖作為機器學習的訓練材料,而這一切是在未經創作者的知情和許可的情況下進行的。Getty目前正在為此與版權問題作鬥爭。法官已裁定,人工智能生成的圖像並不享有版權。對於商業來說,這既是好消息也是壞消息:他們不必為圖像支付費用,但若其他人使用這些圖像,或者更糟的是,將其用來諷刺自己,則沒有任何保護。

這對我們來說,則是對我們工作的貶值。甚至像Eric Paré這樣的光繪藝術家,他的作品在高成本下由相機生成,卻被標籤為AI作品。人工智能將會持續存在,但如果沒有原創的創作者,它無法進化,因為它缺乏自我意識。如果它真的變得有意識,我不認為讓藝術家失業會是它的首要任務;不禁讓我想起《終結者》的主題音樂。

那麼,這對我們攝影師來說意味著什麼呢?我們依然會不懈努力。我們已習慣於站在他人的三腳架上,尋找拍攝偉大作品的機會。我們在其他人的燈光設置下訓練,精煉自己的技能。但接著,我們將這些知識結合起來,創造出一幅幅壯麗的肖像,或者將其他興趣和攝影結合,創造出不同的作品。竊取一切,但創造出新的東西,這才是創造性和原創性所在。

在這篇文章中,Sean McCormack 提出了攝影創作中的一個重要問題,那就是如何在當今充斥著人工智能和版權爭議的環境中保持創造力。這不僅僅是藝術家的道德抉擇,更是對創意產業未來的深思。隨著技術的發展,我們需要重新思考「靈感」與「盜竊」之間的界限,並在保護創作的同時,鼓勵創新。這也許能激發更多的藝術對話,讓我們在這個複雜的環境中找到新的平衡點。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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