《兩融業務新規:防範套現與不當套利》

兩融業務示範文件出台,防繞標套現、防範違規減持與不當套利,可建立黑名單制度

財聯社12月31日報導(記者 林堅)—— 兩融業務示範性文件在2024年的最後一天正式發布。根據中證協12月31日的官方消息,《證券業務示範實踐第5號—融資融券客戶交易行為管理》正式推出,供各券商參考和借鑒。

這份示範性文件受到關注的原因主要在於,自2010年以來,融資融券業務在提升市場流動性和定價效率方面發揮了積極的作用。隨著市場的持續發展及客戶類型的多樣化,推動券商客戶交易行為管理能力的提升變得尤為重要。因此,中證協針對券商兩融業務的客戶交易行為管理制定了相關示範實踐。

在今年11月25日,財聯社曾報導《兩融業務示範性文件將出台,重點盯防繞標套現、融券違規減持等,券商可建黑名單制度》。在徵求意見稿中,對於繞標套現的防範引起了行業的廣泛關注。繞標業務一直被視為兩融業務的“禁區”,文件中強調券商應做好前端控制、風險監控及事後管控。

根據最終發布的版本,《示範實踐》相對於徵求意見稿的核心內容變動不大,但措辭更為正式和完整,分為總則、關聯人識別與穿透核查、客戶異常交易行為管理、防範客戶“繞標套現”交易管理、客戶融券及證券出借交易管理等五章。文件的核心思想主要體現在以下三個方面:

一是券商應遵循公平、風險可控的原則,建立健全客戶交易行為管理機制,防範利益輸送,並根據穿透原則核查投資者情況。

二是券商應建立完善的客戶交易行為管理制度,包括但不限於交易監控、異常交易報告、風險預警、合規審查等,以確保能夠及時發現並處理可能的違規行為。

三是券商應對客戶的交易行為進行持續監督,及時發現並糾正違規行為,以維護市場秩序。

值得注意的是,《示範實踐》中涉及的操作方式和流程均為基於行業優秀實踐而形成的指導性建議,並非強制性要求。券商可根據自身業務結構、組織架構和能力選擇適用的操作方法,也可採用未在示範實踐中提到的其他方法或工作機制。

防範客戶“繞標套現”交易管理

在兩融業務中,部分投資者利用融資融券交易,故意規避標的證券範圍和融資用途限制,即“繞標套現”,這存在嚴重的風險和合規隱患。《示範實踐》第四章從前端控制、風險監控和事後管控三個層面,全面防範和處理客戶利用融資融券交易進行“繞標套現”的行為,這也是文件發布後受到關注的重點內容。

前端控制要求券商通過制度規範、合同約定和員工管理來明確客戶的交易範圍,並在合同中規定客戶應在指定的標的證券範圍內進行交易。同時,券商需對有“繞標套現”意圖的客戶進行盡職調查,禁止提供融資融券服務,並在交易系統中設置控制措施以防範此類交易行為。

在風險監控階段,券商需對大額授信客戶進行擔保品提取審批,並在日常盯市中結合異常交易管理挖掘“繞標套現”的客戶線索。此外,還需定期組織排查,對重點客戶進行專項監測,深入排查高風險客戶,並向營業部下發詢問函,要求自查和壓降“繞標套現”的規模。

若客戶的“繞標套現”行為已經發生,券商需加強展期管理,取消自助展期功能,並與客戶協商償還部分本金以縮短展期時間。同時,券商還需與客戶簽署補充合同,提高預警線和平倉線標準,並要求客戶出具還款計劃。對於拒不配合的客戶,券商將採取包括人工控制展期、縮短展期周期、不予展期、強行平倉等措施進行清理。

嚴格防範違規減持與不當套利等行為

《示範實踐》還強調券商應加強投資者融券及證券出借行為管理,嚴格防範違規減持與不當套利等行為。對於有大額融券需求的客戶,券商應設立更為嚴格的準入機制,並從事前控制、事中監控、持續管理三個階段梳理客戶融券交易管理方式,履行主動管理券源的責任,做好客戶出借準入管理,避免出借與借入方合謀不當套利。

券商需核查投資者是否存在以下不得參與融券業務的情形:

1. 投資者持有上市公司限售股份、戰略配售股份,或因上市公司被立案調查、公開譴責等原因不得減持股份的情況。

2. 投資者為上市公司董事、監事、高級管理人員、持股5%以上的股東,則不得開展以該上市公司股票為標的證券的融資融券交易。

3. 其他法律法規、監管規章、自律規則等規定的禁止參與融券業務的情形。

對於在交易監控中發現的客戶交易行為違規,券商可以採取加強投資者教育、限制客戶融資融券交易、償還相關融券合約、調整融資融券授信額度等措施。

可建立內部信用賬戶黑名單制度

《示範實踐》提到,券商應密切關注客戶的交易行為,防範客戶在交易中可能出現的異常行為,引導客戶理性、合規地參與融資融券交易。

券商應對客戶的異常交易行為進行管理,一旦客戶在信用賬戶內的交易被證券交易所或監管機構認定為異常交易,券商應予以提醒、勸阻和制止,並與客戶進行充分溝通和風險揭示。對於存在異常交易行為的客戶,券商根據合同約定,視情況嚴重程度可采取信用等級重檢、授信額度調整、限制合約開倉等風控措施。

券商可以建立內部信用賬戶黑名單制度,以輔助異常交易行為管理工作。公司可根據自身實際情況對進入黑名單的信用賬戶進行相應的管控,並制定黑名單動態管理機制,及時核實投資者的信用狀況、交易歷史和履約記錄等。對於情況確實發生重大變化、不再符合黑名單認定條件的,可調出黑名單。

這份文件的出台,顯示了監管機構對於市場秩序的重視,尤其是在融資融券業務中,對於風險控制和合規管理的要求愈加嚴格。隨著市場環境的變化,券商必須不斷調整自身的風控措施,建立健全的交易行為管理機制,以維護市場的穩定性。這對於投資者而言,既是保護也是挑戰,如何在合規的框架內進行靈活操作,將成為未來投資策略的重要考量。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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{
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, exuding power, seduction, and divine authority.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a refined 3/4 angle, with both the subject and her throne positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is seated regally on a luxurious Egyptian throne angled slightly to the side, her torso and legs elegantly turned to match the diagonal composition, enhancing her curves and royal poise.",
"hands": "One arm rests gracefully along the angled armrest of the throne, while the other cradles a magnificent royal cat against her body.",
"expression": "She looks directly into the camera with a composed, intelligent, and seductive gaze—calm authority mixed with magnetic allure."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An exceptionally bongga, sexy, and ultra-colorful Cleopatra couture gown designed as a high-fashion masterpiece. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice encrusted with multicolored gemstones—turquoise, lapis blue, emerald green, ruby red, amethyst violet, and molten gold—arranged in intricate Egyptian patterns. The fabric transitions into layered sheer silks in jewel tones that cascade dramatically, creating movement and depth. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, while illusion panels and crystal embroidery contour her waist and hips. The gown shimmers with every hue, bold yet luxurious, sensual yet undeniably royal.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian crown with raised cobra centerpiece and iridescent gemstone inlays, oversized multi-layered gold collar necklace, engraved arm cuffs, crystal-encrusted finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, anklets with delicate charms, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is shoulder-length, sleek, and glossy with soft movement, modernized yet inspired by ancient Egyptian elegance, no bangs.",
"makeup": "High-impact, colorful Egyptian glam makeup—intensely elongated kohl eyeliner, bold eyeshadow blended in gold, turquoise, teal, emerald, and hints of violet, sculpted cheekbones with luminous gold highlight, flawless bronzed skin, defined brows, and rich nude-to-berry satin lips with a sensual glow."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A stunning, regal Egyptian cat of exceptional beauty, with sleek, glossy fur patterned in warm sand, charcoal, and soft gold tones. The cat has large almond-shaped eyes that glow amber-gold, finely sculpted features, and an elegant posture. It wears a delicate gold collar adorned with tiny gemstones and a miniature Bastet charm, symbolizing protection, divinity, and royal favor."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand royal palace courtyard in ancient Egypt at golden hour, composed diagonally to echo the angled throne, with towering sandstone columns, carved relief walls, and distant pyramids beneath a richly colored desert sky.",
"midground_details": "Palm trees gently swaying, monumental statues of Bastet and other Egyptian deities, ceremonial fire torches, flowing silk banners in jewel tones, and distant palace attendants positioned subtly for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Ultra-sharp hieroglyph carvings, visible stone grain and chisel marks, fine desert sand particles, radiant gemstone reflections, metallic gold highlights, intricate embroidery threads, and realistic sun-cast shadows—every element sharply defined with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting enhanced with soft reflective fill light.",
"effect": "Warm sunlight amplifies the vivid colors of the gown and gemstones while sculpted shadows define her face, body, throne, and the cat, creating a dramatic yet luxurious editorial mood."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, ultra-luxury Egyptian couture, vibrant jewel-toned palette, historical grandeur fused with modern sensuality, extremely detailed, sharp, powerful, and seductive"
} Ultra-realistic, vibrant aerial adventure photograph captures a joyful man (same face as reference image, 100% accuracy) paragliding high above a breathtaking tropical coastline. He is seated comfortably in his black and orange harness, legs dangling freely, facing the camera with a wide, excited smile, teeth showing, conveying pure exhilaration. He sports dark brown hair and a light beard,wearing a bright red t-shirt emblazoned with 'style' in bold white text within a blackCteate a Ultra-realistic, vibrant aerial adventure photograph in 9:16 ratio captures a joyful man (same face as reference image, 100% accuracy) paragliding high above a breathtaking tropical coastline. He is seated comfortably in his black and orange harness, legs dangling freely, facing the camera with a wide, excited smile, teeth showing, conveying pure exhilaration. He sports dark brown hair and a light beard,wearing a bright red t-shirt emblazoned with 'style' in bold white text within a blackrectangle, layered beneath an open blue and black plaid long-sleeved shirt. His attire includes grey cargo shorts, white socks, and distinctive red, white, and black high-top sneakers. In his left hand, he holds a black selfie stick, while his right grasps the paragliding control lines. The stunning backdrop features crystal-clear turquoise and deep blue ocean revealing intricate coral reefs and gentle breaking waves near a pristine white sandy beach. A charming coastal town with numerouswhite buildings is nestled against lush, emerald-green, tree-covered hills, which ascend to distant, hazy mountains under a softly clouded sky. Another yellow paraglider gracefully soars in the distance, and a long concrete pier extends into the tranquil water. The scene is illuminated by bright, diffused natural light, creating an exhilarating, free-spirited, and idyllic tropical mood, with a color palette dominated by vivid turquoises, deep blues, and verdant greens, beautifully contrastedby the crisp whites of the beach and town, and the bold reds of his clothing and footwear. Aesthetic cozy mirror selfie of a young man sitting casually on a chair, wearing a dark oversized hoodie and blue jeans, holding a professional camera in one hand, resting her face on the other hand with a soft dreamy smile. Warm beige indoor background with soft studio lighting, minimal modern interior. Cute cartoon-style doodles around her including a smiling sunflower character and hand-drawn yellow sun, playful white sketch lines around the camera. Handwritten romantic

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