美國AI追唔上中國?FoRGED法案改革軍購,保衛國家安全!

Ai




致國會的備忘錄:通過FoRGED法案

引言

在就職日,中國公司DeepSeek推出了R1,一個大型AI語言模型,顯示中國在AI領域已接近美國的領先地位。如今許多商業技術的發展都與國家安全息息相關,因為AI等雙用途技術具備軍事應用。如果美國和中國都能生產出同樣先進的技術,那麼最重要的或許不是新技術的推出,而是如何有效地將其部署於經濟中,包括軍事採購和使用。換句話說,贏得大國競爭意味著在矽谷和五角大廈的採購系統中都要保持領先。五角大廈必須迅速且反覆地採購和部署最新技術,以利用美國的創新。

作為2018年至2022年國防創新單位的主任,我親眼目睹了防務採購系統本身是改善我們國家安全的最大障礙之一。但我同時也在與美國創新公司合作,分享國防部的挑戰並徵求技術公司的幫助的最前沿。我們有數十個成功案例,迅速展示了新穎的商業技術如何應對操作挑戰。FoRGED法案旨在更廣泛地採用DIU模式,以促進更大的速度、靈活性和創新。

FoRGED法案…前進之道

值得慶幸的是,已有一些出色的思考在2024年12月由參議員Roger Wicker提出的FoRGED法案中展現出來。FoRGED法案(促進國防改革和政府效率)的一些關鍵條款包括:

– 除去繁文縟節:廢除不必要的法規,簡化報告要求。
– 釋放創新:促進快速採購途徑和商業合同。
– 創造競爭壓力:通過簡化資格和測試程序來增強競爭。
– 促進果斷行動:賦予項目執行官決策權。
– 現代化預算:重構預算流程以提高靈活性和透明度。

Wicker參議員已經包含了改變防務採購系統的關鍵特徵,該系統的運作方式與1968年羅伯特·麥克納馬拉國防部長離開五角大廈時相似。改變的關鍵要素包括簡化法規和報告,使用商業採購方法,增加競爭,加快決策速度,並提供預算靈活性,以便比當前系統平均17年的時間更快地部署新能力。一些最前沿的條款包括標準化商業採購流程和合同,例如商業解決方案開放,這通常利用其他交易授權。DIU開創了這些快速且更靈活的協議,作為國防部複雜的3,500頁聯邦採購法規的替代方案。

另一項有用的條款是,預算和管理能力的組合,而不是管理成千上萬的單獨項目。對一個組合(如小型無人機)進行預算,將允許軍方選擇在不同類型無人機上花費多少預算,並為每種類型選擇當時最好的模型和供應商。相比之下,今天無人機的項目必須經過授權,為每種類型的無人機撰寫正式要求,並且必須在三年預算周期內獲得國會批准。我們看到陸軍花費十年和超過5億美元來制定採購手槍的要求,這一多年的過程可能適合戰鬥機,但對於產品生命週期短於聯邦預算週期的技術來說,顯然不夠靈活或迅速。五角大廈應有機會與美國的領先公司分享我們最大的挑戰,吸引初創公司和非傳統供應商,從而促進競爭,建立強大的工業基礎以支持國防,並更快速地向戰鬥人員交付新能力。

對國防的世代投資……

Wicker參議員認為FoRGED法案是“最大化公共資金使用的機會,以購買無與倫比的武器系統,更快地採用新技術,並在國防工業內提升競爭。我已經開始了一場關於進行世代投資的全國對話。”為了實現這一世代投資,Wicker呼籲將國防開支從GDP的2.9%提高到5%,這將使國防開支在相對基礎上回到1980年代里根軍事擴張時的水平。

儘管目前8500億美元的國防開支無論如何都算是一筆巨額資金,但這些資金大部分用於支付現役軍人及支持他們的平民的薪水,以及維護老化的船隻、坦克和飛機。這使得只有約20%的預算可用於採購新能力。這部分國防預算必須首先增加——尤其是在我們的世界變得更加危險的情況下,戰鬥人員可能需要在短期內捍衛國家利益。而這20%的採購預算大多花在上世紀首次交付的主要武器系統(飛機、船隻、坦克)上;更多的資金需要用於如無人機、商業衛星影像、AI軟件和其他更新技術等互補能力,這些技術更具成本效益,且可以在一到兩年內部署,正如國防部的複製者計劃所證明的那樣。

保證“以力維持和平”

Wicker參議員和Rogers眾議員可能會在2026財政年度國防授權法案中納入FoRGED法案的條款,這是最可靠通過的立法。雖然NDAA本身並不授權更多的開支,但其條款可以確保我們所花費的資金使用得更有效。這對任何關心國防採購改革的人來說都是好消息,但對所有希望國防強大的公民來說,也是如此。在談到國家安全時,特朗普總統一直在使用“以力維持和平”的主題,這一理念與里根有關,但根源可以追溯到我們的第一任總統。在1793年的國情咨文中,華盛頓預言地宣稱:“如果我們渴望保護和平……那麼必須知道我們隨時準備好迎接戰爭。”作為對我們對手的威懾,FoRGED法案是多年來最重要和最全面的國防採購改革立法。我們需要它儘快通過國會,否則,未改變的採購過程意味著中國的技術創新可能會比我們更快、更有效地被人民解放軍部署。

Wicker參議員的觀點不僅反映了對國防的迫切需求,也突顯了在當前全球安全形勢下,創新與效率的緊迫性。隨著科技的迅速發展,若不及時調整國防採購策略,我們可能會落後於其他大國,這對國家安全構成了潛在威脅。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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